What is a pantograph?

pantograph, instrument for duplicating a motion or copying a geometric shape to a reduced or enlarged scale. Pantographs are used for reducing or enlarging engineering drawings and maps and for guiding cutting tools over complex paths.

How does a pantograph work geometry?

Basically, the pantograph structure consists of a movable rod, which is integrated into a parallelogram with modifiable arm lengths used to achieve different scale factors. The arms are connected in a special manner so that they can move easily in fixed relationships to each other.

How the pantograph works and how it is able to produce an enlarged image?

It’s based on parallelograms so that when moving one specified point, called the tracing stylus, along the outline of an image, an enlarged or reduced version of the image is created by the movement of another point, called the drawing stylus, which has a lead affixed to it.

When was the pantograph invented?

1603
Christopher Scheiner, a German Jesuit, was responsible for designing and building the first pantograph in 1603. An illustration of the device can be seen in his 1630 book, Rosa ursina Sive Sol, along with other instruments he invented including a refracting telescope.

How many types of pantograph are there?

In terms of working modes of the drive system, they can be divided into spring-operated pantographs and nonspring-operated pantographs; in terms of the structure of the arm lever, they can be divided into single-arm pantographs and double-arm pantographs, the latter of which can be further divided into four-cantilever …

Why does a pantograph work?

The pantograph is spring-loaded and pushes a contact shoe up against the underside of the contact wire to draw the current needed to run the train. As the train moves, the contact shoe slides along the wire and can set up standing waves in the wires which break the contact and degrade current collection.

What is pantograph ratio?

The typical range of ratio is Maximum 1:1 Minimum 50:1 (reduction) In this way machinists can neatly and accurately engrave numbers and letters onto a part. Pantographs are no longer commonly used in modern engraving, with computerized laser and rotary engraving taking favor.

What is pantograph how it is used in drafting?

The pantograph is a tool for the reproduction of drawings. Using a pantograph you make a direct copy or scale the drawing, reduce or enlarge. Simply select the ratio of reduction or enlargement, connect the clamp to the board and pantograph, and use the trace point to trace over the original drawing.

Who discovered the pantograph?

Christopher Scheiner

What does the name pantograph mean?

A pantograph (Greek roots παντ- “all, every” and γραφ- “to write”, from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a second pen. Oct 17 2019

What is the use of pantograph?

The pantograph is a movable framework – a parallelogram with two arms extending out, hinged in a fashion similar to a trellis or a folding gate. It is used to make scale copies of two-dimensional figures. When the stylus at the center of the pantograph is manipulated, an arm with an attached pen mimics the motion, exactly copying the shape.

Who invented the pantograph?

The pantograph, with a low-friction, replaceable graphite contact strip or ‘shoe’ to minimise lateral stress on the contact wire, was invented in 1879 by Walter Reichel, chief engineer at Siemens & Halske in Germany. A flat slide-pantograph was invented in 1895 at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.