What causes purulent pericarditis?
Purulent pericarditis is a rare disease that is most often caused by organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, viridans streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, and anaerobic bacteria.
What is the histology of the pericardium?
Histology of the Pericardium – I It consists of a layer of mesothelial cells (dark nuclei on the top surface) and compact layers of dense wavy fibrous tissue (collagen) (yellow) with interspersed scant short elastic fibers (black fine lines between the yellow fibrous tissue bundles).
What is the pathophysiology of pericarditis?
Pathophysiology of Pericarditis Acute pericarditis develops quickly, causing inflammation of the pericardial sac and often a pericardial effusion. Inflammation can extend to the epicardial myocardium (myopericarditis). Adverse hemodynamic effects and rhythm disturbance are rare, although cardiac tamponade is possible.
How do you diagnose pericarditis?
How is pericarditis diagnosed?
- Chest X-ray to see the size of your heart and any fluid in your lungs.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to look for changes in your heart rhythm.
- Echocardiogram (echo) to see how well your heart is working and check for fluid or pericardial effusion around the heart.
What viral infection causes pericarditis?
The following viral infections can lead to pericarditis: Usual viral and cold meningitis caused by a group of viruses (enteroviruses) Glandular fever. Pneumonia and bronchitis caused by adenoviruses.
What is Caseous pericarditis?
Constrictive pericarditis is long-term, or chronic, inflammation of the pericardium. The pericardium is the sac-like membrane that surrounds the heart. Inflammation in this part of the heart causes scarring, thickening, and muscle tightening, or contracture.
What bacteria causes pericarditis?
The bacterial infection causes the pericardium to become swollen and inflamed. Pain occurs as a result of the inflamed pericardium rubbing against the heart….The most common bacteria that cause this condition are:
- Haemophilus influenza (also called H. flu)
- Meningococci.
- Pneumococci.
- Staphylococci.
- Streptococci.
What is the pericardial sac also called?
The pericardium, also called pericardial sac, is a double-walled sac containing the heart and the roots of the great vessels. It has two layers, an outer layer made of strong connective tissue (fibrous pericardium), and an inner layer made of serous membrane (serous pericardium).
What nerve Innervates the fibrous pericardium?
The fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium are innervated by the phrenic nerve, which is derived primarily from cervical nerve 4 but also has contributions from the 3 and 5. Due to its origin, pericarditis and other cardiac complications can cause referred pain to the shoulder.
What is the epidemiology of pericarditis?
Incidence. The incidence of acute pericarditis is approximately 27.7 per 100,000 individuals annually. The incidence of hospitalization for acute pericarditis was estimated to be 3.32 cases per 100,000 individuals annually. The recurrence of pericarditis is seen in almost 30% of patients after first episode of disease.
What are the etiologies of the inflammation of the pericardium?
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium and proximal great vessels. The etiologies of pericarditis are diverse and include infectious and noninfectious causes. Pericarditis may be acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent in presentation. It may be the sole manifestation of a disease or part of a multisystem disorder.
What does purulent pericarditis mean in medical terms?
Purulent pericarditis, also called bacterial pericarditis, has a high mortality rate if not recognized early. Purulent pericarditis can be an isolated occurrence but usually results from either direct or hematogenous spread from other primary sites of infection.
What are the signs and symptoms of pericarditis?
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the pericardium characterized by chest pain, pericardial friction rub and serial ECG changes The acute inflammatory response in pericarditis can produce either serous or purulent fluid or a dense fibrinous material
What are the morphologic features of pericardial heart disease?
Pericardial heart disease: its morphologic features and its causes 1 Acute myocardial infarction. Fibrinous pericardial heart disease probably occurs in most patients… 2 Association with systemic disease. ” Uremic pericarditis, ” at least initially,… 3 Lymphatic and chylous effusion. Most reports concerning lymph or chyle within…