Is praseodymium poisonous or hazardous?
Like all rare metals praseodymium is of low to moderate toxicity. Soluble praseodymium salts are mildly toxic by ingestion, but insoluble salts are non toxic. They are skin and eye irritants. Praseodymium is mostly dangerous in the working environment, due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air.
Is ytterbium harmful to humans?
All compounds of ytterbium are treated as highly toxic, although studies appear to indicate that the danger is minimal. However, ytterbium compounds cause irritation to human skin and eyes, and some might be teratogenic. Metallic ytterbium dust can spontaneously combust, and the resulting fumes are hazardous.
What is the toxicity of Yttrium?
Water soluble compounds of yttrium are considered mildly toxic, while its insoluble compounds are non-toxic. In experiments on animals, yttrium and its compounds caused lung and liver damage.
Is neodymium toxic?
Ingested neodymium salts are regarded as only slightly toxic if they are soluble and non toxic if they are insoluble. Neodymium is mostly dangerous in the working environment, due to the fact that damps and gasses can be inhaled with air. This can cause lung embolisms, especially during long-term exposure.
What is praseodymium used in?
Praseodymium is used in a variety of alloys. The high-strength alloy it forms with magnesium is used in aircraft engines. Mischmetal is an alloy containing about 5% praseodymium and is used to make flints for cigarette lighters. Praseodymium is also used in alloys for permanent magnets.
How is praseodymium purified?
This element is commercially separated and purified by liquid-liquid extraction or ion-exchange techniques. The metal is prepared by electrolysis of fused anhydrous halides or by the metallothermic reduction of the fluoride or chloride with calcium.
What is ytterbium most commonly used for?
One ytterbium isotope has been used as a radiation source substitute for a portable X-ray machine when electricity was not available. Like other rare-earth elements, it can be used to dope phosphors, or for ceramic capacitors and other electronic devices, and it can even act as an industrial catalyst.
How many protons are in yttrium?
39
Yttrium/Atomic number
Yttrium (Y). Diagram of the nuclear composition and electron configuration of an atom of yttrium-89 (atomic number: 39), the most common isotope of this element. The nucleus consists of 39 protons (red) and 50 neutrons (blue).
Are Neodymium magnets radioactive?
These isotopes are neodymium-142, neodymium-143, neodymium-144, neodymium-145, neodymium-146, neodymium-148, and neodymium-150. Six of these isotopes are stable and one, neodymium-144, is radioactive. Each variation is an isotope. Neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnets are used in audio speakers.