How is artemisinin extracted?
Artemisinin is extracted from Artemisia annua, a shrub also known as sweet wormwood that was used in traditional medicine in Asia for more than 1500 years. Artemisinin was extracted with dichloromethane and purified on the basis of variations in polarity and in the hydrophile/lipophile balance of solvents.
Which solvent system may be used for chromatography analysis of artemisinin?
Chromatographic separation of artemisinin from plant extract was performed over silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plate using n-hexane : ethyl acetate as mobile phase in the ratio of 75 : 25, v/v. The HPTLC method was validated in terms of system suitability, precision, accuracy, sensitivity (LOD and LOQ), and robustness.
Where is wormwood from?
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) is an herb that’s prized for its distinctive aroma, herbaceous flavor, and purported health benefits ( 1 ). While native to Europe, it grows readily across various climates, including parts of Asia, Africa, South America, and the United States.
What is the process of extraction?
Extraction is a process in which one or more components are separated selectively from a liquid or solid mixture, the feed (Phase 1), by means of a liquid immiscible solvent (Phase 2). Afterwards in order to regenerate the solvent, another separation step (e.g. distillation) is finally required.
Which of the following mobile phase is used in the TLC method of artemisinin?
The resulting TLC method utilizes separation on silica gel RP-18 with methanol, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, acetic acid (30:20:2:1) as mobile phase, highly specific densitometric evaluation at 254 nm.
How do you harvest wormwood?
Harvesting Wormwood is usually done in mid-summer. When the plants are fully flowering, pick the upper portions of the stalks. Tie the stalks together and hang them upside down in a dark well-ventilated place. When the stalks are dried, store in an air-tight container in a dark place.
Why is artesunate diluted with sodium bicarbonate?
Artesunate is poorly soluble in water and has poor stability in aqueous solutions at neutral or acid pH. Artesunic acid is sufficiently soluble in sodium bicarbonate injection (50 mg/ml) to prepare a clear solution [2].
How does the extraction of aluminium take place?
Extraction of Aluminium. Aluminium ions are created at the adverse cathode from the aluminium oxide and then sink down because they are heavier than the cryolite solution. Then, the liquid shape of the aluminium that has sunk to the bottom.
How is aluminium extracted from the ore of bauxite?
Bauxite is composed of aluminium oxide compounds (alumina), silica, iron oxides and titanium dioxide. Aluminium is obtained by the Electrolysis of Alumina. The concentration of the Bauxite ore into alumina is done by Bayer’s process. Alumina is then refined into pure aluminium metal through the Hall–Héroult electrolytic process.
How is alumina extracted in the Hall Heroult process?
Soluble sodium aluminate is formed which is filtered off. The filtrate on heating with water gives aluminium hydroxide which gives alumina on strong heating. The Hall-Heroult process is widely used in the extraction of aluminium. In Hall-Heroults process, pure Al 2 O 3 is mixed with CaF 2 or Na 3 AlF 6.
What kind of ore is used to make alumina?
The Bayer Process, developed by Carl Josef Bayer. is the principal industrial means of refining bauxite to produce alumina (aluminium oxide). In this process, aluminium ore is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide to form a soluble sodium aluminate.