How do lipoproteins cause atherosclerosis?
In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins augment endothelial dysfunction, facilitate monocyte infiltration into the arterial wall, and increase activation of pro-inflammatory genes; moreover, triglyceride-enriched HDL particles exhibit reduced cholesterol efflux capacity.
What is the relationship between lipoproteins and atherosclerosis?
It is believed that atherogenic lipoproteins, such as LDL and lipoprotein remnants, that float in the VLDL IDL region, promote atherosclerosis, and antiatherogenic lipoproteins, such as HDL, protect from atherosclerosis.
Which lipoprotein is responsible for atherosclerosis?
LDL is the “bad cholesterol” transporter, and clinically, elevated levels of LDL are associated with atherosclerosis.
How are lipoproteins related to heart disease risk?
LDL (low-density lipoprotein), sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, makes up most of your body’s cholesterol. High levels of LDL cholesterol raise your risk for heart disease and stroke.
Which lipids cause atherosclerosis?
High serum lipid levels, especially the elevated level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), have been shown to be strongly related to the development of atherosclerosis. It is generally accepted that atherosclerotic lesions are initiated via an enhancement of LDL uptake by monocytes and macrophages.
Why does hypercholesterolemia cause atherosclerosis?
If your cholesterol is too high, it builds up on the walls of your arteries. Over time, this buildup is known as atherosclerosis. This condition causes arteries to become narrowed, and the narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the heart.
Which lipoprotein is associated with decreased risk of atherosclerosis?
HDL has been demonstrated to scavenge cholesterol from the peripheral vasculature with transport to the liver, where is it excreted in the biliary system. However, HDL exhibits multiple other physiologic effects that may play a role in the reduced risk for atherosclerosis.
How does HDL and LDL levels reflect the risk and progression of atherosclerosis?
HDL helps prevent atherosclerosis. It has long been recognized that the cholesterol concentrations in the blood are indicators of the probability that a plaque will develop: higher LDL and lower HDL concentrations indicate a higher probability of plaque development.
Is lipoprotein a risk factor?
1. Lp(a) is an important but underappreciated risk factor for heart disease. While most people know that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, or bad cholesterol, can cause heart disease, relatively few people know about the risk posed by lipoprotein(a), or Lp(a).
Which type of lipoprotein particles increase the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Elevated plasma levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and low levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) poses a major risk of development of cardiovascular diseases (Grundy et al., 1999).
Which lipid type is associated with the highest risk of atherosclerosis development?
How does hypercholesterolemia affect atherosclerosis?