How common is Arcanobacterium haemolyticum?
Today, infections by A. haemolyticum are rare but most commonly cause pharyngitis in adolescents and young adults or skin and soft-tissue infections in immunocompromised populations.
Is Arcanobacterium contagious?
The infection is spread from person to person, apparently through respiratory tract droplets that carry the bacteria directly to the next person’s eyes or nose. The droplets can fall onto hands and then get into eyes and noses.
Where is Arcanobacterium found?
Arcanobacterium (/ɑːrˈkeɪnoʊbækˌtɪəriəm/) is a genus of bacteria. They are gram-positive, non–acid fast, nonmotile, facultatively anaerobic, and non–endospore forming. They are widely distributed in nature in the microbiota of animals (including the human microbiota) and are mostly innocuous.
Is Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum normal flora?
A. haemolyticum is known to be part of the normal flora on the throat and skin, and mainly causes sore throat in young people. Occasionally, it causes skin and soft tissue infections, and in rare cases it can cause osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis and septicaemia (Waller et al., 1991; Mackenzie et al., 1995).
What is the antibiotic of choice for beta hemolytic Streptococcus spp?
Oral penicillin remains the drug of choice in most clinical situations, although the more expensive cephalosporins and, perhaps, amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium provide superior bacteriologic and clinical cure rates.
What is Lemierre syndrome?
Abstract. Lemierre’s syndrome is a severe illness caused by the anaerobic bacterium, Fusobacterium necrophorum which typically occurs in healthy teenagers and young adults. The infection originates in the throat and spreads via a septic thrombophlebitis of the tonsillar vein and internal jugular vein.
Does azithromycin treat beta hemolytic strep?
Macrolides. The extended spectrum of azithromycin (Zithromax) allows once-daily dosing and a shorter treatment course. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has labeled a five-day course of azithromycin as a second-line therapy for streptococcal pharyngitis.
What is the drug of choice for treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin or amoxicillin is the antibiotic of choice to treat group A strep pharyngitis.
How to treat Arcanobacterium haemolyticum pharyngeal abscess?
Arcanobacterium Haemolyticum Treatment & Management 1 Medical Care. Without antibiotic therapy, symptoms from Arcanobacterium haemolyticum pharyngeal… 2 Surgical Care. Patients who develop a peritonsillar abscess require incision… 3 Consultations. Consult an otolaryngologist to drain any suspected peritonsillar abscesses.
What to do if you have Arcanobacterium haemolyticum?
Occasionally, a patient who appears very ill with pharyngitis caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (ie, unable to swallow, illness is severe) may require admission for administration of parenteral antibiotics.
Can a throat infection be caused by Arcanobacterium haemolyticum?
Systemic infections are exceedingly rare. This organism has been isolated in throat swabs from patients with pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis, and recurrent throat infections. Clinical features of patients with pharyngitis caused by A. haemolyticum are indistinguishable from those caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
When was Arcanobacterium haemolyticum first described?
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum was first described by MacLean et al. in 1946 ( 26) as a pathogen in cases of exudative pharyngitis and soft-tissue infections.