What is pedunculopontine nucleus area?
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is situated in the upper pons in the dorsolateral portion of the ponto-mesencephalic tegmentum. Its main mass is positioned at the trochlear nucleus level, and is part of the mesenphalic locomotor region (MLR) in the upper brainstem.
What is the cuneiform nucleus?
The cuneiform nucleus (mesencephalic reticular formation, Fig. 1) is the most caudal part of the reticular formation in the mesencephalon. It is ventral to the inferior colliculus, medial to the lateral lemniscus, dorsal to the brachium conjunctivum, and lateral to the mesencephalic nucleus and tract of the trigeminal.
Is subthalamic nucleus inhibitory?
The subthalamic nucleus is considered a critical component of basal ganglia circuits that are devoted to the suppression of unwanted movements. These inhibitory circuits are known as the indirect pathway and the hyperdirect pathway.
What does deep brain stimulation to the subthalamic nucleus do?
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective in improving the motor complications of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and is in widespread clinical use. The sensorimotor subregion of STN is located in its dorsolateral aspect and is commonly targeted in DBS for PD.
What is the mesencephalic locomotor region?
The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) is a functionally defined area of the midbrain that is associated with the initiation and control of locomotor movements in vertebrate species.
What is the function of corpora Quadrigemina?
The corpora quadrigemina are reflex centers involving vision and hearing. It consists of groups of nerve cells-grey matter scattered in white matter. It basically connects the forebrain and the hind brain. It has four corpora quadrigemina which are the reflex centres of eye movement and auditory responses.