Who were Hindenburg and Ludendorff?
Erich Ludendorff was a German general who gained renown during the First World War, primarily for his efforts on the eastern front. He and future German President Paul von Hindenburg built a military empire in the east that lasted until the Germany’s defeat in 1918.
What happened to Ludendorff?
Ludendorff participated in an unsuccessful Nazi coup in Munich in 1923, and in 1925 ran for president against Hindenburg, now a bitter enemy. From 1924 to 1928 he was a Nazi member of the Reichstag. After falling out with the Nazis he retired and died on 20 December 1937.
What was Erich Ludendorff known for?
General Erich Ludendorff (1865-1937) was a top German military commander in the latter stages of World War I. Educated in the cadet corps, Ludendorff was named chief of staff to the Eighth Army after the outbreak of war and earned renown for the victory at the Battle of Tannenberg.
What is Hindenburg protocol?
The Hindenburg Programme was provided with a legal basis in the Auxiliary Service Law, implemented on 6 December. The German Army returned 125,000 skilled workers to the war economy and exempted 800,000 workers from conscription from September 1916 to July 1917.
Why did the Ludendorff offensive fail?
The Spring Offensives failed for several reasons. There were serious command errors. Ludendorff squandered his best chance at victory by missing British logistical vulnerabilities, and he lost a grip on the operations, repeatedly reinforcing mere tactical successes.
What did Hindenburg do?
Hindenburg oversaw the mobilisation of the whole German state for war, and became immensely popular throughout the country. Kaiser Wilhelm II was sidelined. After Germany’s defeat in 1918 Hindenburg retired, but in 1925, largely because of his status as a war hero, he was elected president of Germany.
What did Paul von Hindenburg do?
Paul Von Hindenburg (1847-1934) was a German World War I military commander and president. He fought in the Austro-Prussian War and in the Franco-German War, and retired as a general in 1911.
Who did Hindenburg replace?
Adolf Hitler
Paul von Hindenburg
| Generalfeldmarschall Paul von Hindenburg | |
|---|---|
| Chancellor | Hans Luther Wilhelm Marx Hermann Müller Heinrich Brüning Franz von Papen Kurt von Schleicher Adolf Hitler |
| Preceded by | Friedrich Ebert |
| Succeeded by | Adolf Hitler (as Führer und Reichskanzler) |
| Chief of the German Great General Staff |
Who was the chief of Staff of Hindenburg?
Major General Erich Ludendorff, a trim 49-yearold in a crisply tailored, regulation field-gray uniform, hopped off the train. The two men exchanged salutes and handshakes, and Ludendorff introduced himself as Hindenburg’s newly appointed 8th Army chief of staff.
How old was Hindenburg when he retired from the Army?
In 1911, seeing no prospect of a war looming, Hindenburg retired at age 64. Born April 9, 1865, in Posen, Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff descended from Pomeranian merchants, although his father was a landowner with a reserve officer’s commission in the cavalry.
How is Johannes Hindenburg related to Martin Luther?
Hindenburg was also a direct descendant of Martin Luther and his wife Katharina von Bora, through their daughter Margarethe Luther. Hindenburg’s younger brothers and sister were Otto (b. 1849), Ida (b. 1851) and Bernhard (b. 1859).
When did the Germans fall back to the Hindenburg Line?
With the Ludendorff Offensives having failed, in September 1918 the German army on the Western Front fell back to its final line of resistance, the Hindenburg Line. Now realizing that the flood of American troops arriving in France made Germany’s defeat inevitable, Ludendorff told Hindenburg there was no alternative but to seek an armistice.