What is a MMP-9 test?
MMP-9 is a marker of inflammation, tissue remodeling, wound healing, and mobilization of tissue-bound growth factors and cytokines.
How do metalloproteinases work?
Abstract. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes that degrade various proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs may also regulate the activity of membrane receptors and postreceptor signaling mechanisms and thereby affect cell function.
What is MMP testing?
Conclusions: MMP-9-testing in DES is a valuable new diagnostic tool. It correlates well with other dry eye tests. It is especially helpful to identify patients with ocular surface inflammation and autoimmune disease and may facilitate the decision to institute anti-inflammatory treatment in these patients.
What does InflammaDry measure?
InflammaDry is the first and only, rapid result, in-office test that detects elevated levels of MMP-9, an inflammatory marker that is consistently elevated in the tears of patients with dry eye disease. All other dry eye tests measure tear production and stability.
How is MMP-9 and AP-2 related to breast cancer?
Conclusions: Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in breast cancer seems to be partly related to expression of AP-2 and HER2. Positive stromal MMP-9 expression predicts poor survival in the hormone-responsive small tumors, whereas MMP-9 expression in carcinoma cells favors survival.
What is the expression of MMP-2 in tumor cells?
Expression of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 was cytoplasmic and was recorded separately for tumor and stromal cells. The median value (80% for MMP-2; 85% for MMP-9) was used as a cutoff for MMP expression in the tumor cells. The categories for MMP-2 were reduced (<80%) and high (≥80%), and the categories for MMP-9 were reduced (≤85%) and high (>85%).
How is MMP-2 related to angiogenesis?
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinase A and B) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases of a large MMP family (1 , 2) . MMP-2 and MMP-9 are related to tumor invasion and metastasis by their capacity for tissue remodeling via extracellular matrix as well as basement membrane degradation and induction of angiogenesis (1 , 2) .
Which is better MMP-9 or positive stromal?
Positive stromal MMP-9 expression predicts poor survival in the hormone-responsive small tumors, whereas MMP-9 expression in carcinoma cells favors survival. Evaluation of MMP-9 expression seems to add valuable information on breast cancer prognosis.