What does Cascade mean in science?
Cascade. (Science: chemistry) An entire series of reactions which occurs as a result of a single trigger reaction or compound.
What are the two types of cascade effects?
In conclusion, the cascade effect comes in two forms, bottom-up and top-down. Top-down is influenced by predation and relies on factors such as feeding behaviour and body-size of apex predators to show the typical positive/ negative changes in trophic structure when moving downwards.
What is trophic cascade in biology?
Trophic cascades are powerful indirect interactions that can control entire ecosystems. Trophic cascades occur when predators limit the density and/or behavior of their prey and thereby enhance survival of the next lower trophic level.
What is the meaning of the cascading effect?
A cascading effect is an unforeseen chain of events that occurs when an event in a system has a negative impact on other, related systems. Cascading effects can occur in conventional power grids, for example when lines are overloaded and a line trip causes other lines tripping (NESCOR, 2013).
What is an example of cascade?
The definition of a cascade is a waterfall over a steep and rocky area or anything that resembles a waterfall. An example of cascade is what one will find at Niagara Falls. An example of cascade is hair falling down out of a bun. Cascade means to fall like a waterfall.
What are some examples of a trophic cascade?
A classic example of a terrestrial trophic cascade is the reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to Yellowstone National Park, which reduced the number, and changed the behavior, of elk (Cervus canadensis).
What are examples of trophic cascades?
Do trophic cascades increase biodiversity?
The trophic cascades are immensely powerful interactions that can strongly regulate biodiversity and proper ecosystem functioning. Once considered to be rare, they are now understood to occur across diverse ecosystems and are a common finding in many green plant communities.
How does a trophic cascade affect ecosystems and environments?
A trophic cascade is a side-effect when a trophic level (species) of the ecosystem is reduced or removed. Their ecological species interactions keep entire ecosystems balanced. Once predators become stronger in carrying out predation; they will reduce the numbers or alter the behavior of prey species.
What is a trophic cascade example?
Another frequently cited example of a trophic cascade involves the sea otter-kelp ecosystem of the rocky reefs of the Aleutian Islands in the North Pacific Ocean. In this ecosystem, the sea otter is the keystone species with sea urchins as its main food source.
What is the definition of the cascade effect?
“An ecological cascade effect is a series of secondary extinctions that is triggered by the primary extinction of a key species in an ecosystem”. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_effect_ (ecology))
How are prey species affected by the cascade effect?
As a result of this loss, a dramatic increase (ecological release) of prey species occurs. The prey is then able to overexploit its own food resources, until the population numbers decrease in abundance, which can lead to extinction. When the prey’s food resources disappear, they starve and may go extinct as well.
How are toxicants related to the cascade effect?
Toxicants can destabilize cellular homeostasis through closely related or highly divergent mechanisms, including indirect relationships and/or cascade effects acting at pretranscriptional to catalytic levels.
How is the number of electrons affected by the cascade effect?
As the electrons impact with successive dynodes, further electrons are ejected and hence a cascade effect occurs. In this way a single photon may cause the ejection of 106 electrons. The number of electrons is then measured at the anode and the resulting current is proportional to the radiation reaching the PMT.