Where does ATP synthase get energy?
The ATP synthase (or F1F0 ATPase and also referred to as complex V) uses the free energy of an electrochemical gradient of protons (or sodium ions) generated by the respiratory chain to synthesize ATP.
Where does ATP synthase take place in photosynthesis?
chloroplasts
In plants, ATP synthase is also present in chloroplasts (CF1FO-ATP synthase). The enzyme is integrated into thylakoid membrane; the CF1-part sticks into stroma, where dark reactions of photosynthesis (also called the light-independent reactions or the Calvin cycle) and ATP synthesis take place.
How is ATP synthase used in photosynthesis?
ATP synthase accepts one proton from the lumen space and releases a different proton into the stroma space to create the energy it needs to synthesize ATP. ATP synthase creates ATP from the substrates ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate). ATP, NADPH, and O2 (molecular oxygen) are the vital final products of photosynthesis.
Why does ATP synthase need energy?
The energy released pumps hydrogen out of the matrix space. The gradient created by this drives hydrogen back through the membrane, through ATP synthase. As this happens, the enzymatic activity of ATP synthase synthesiszes ATP from ADP.
Why is ATP so important in photosynthesis?
ATP provides support to almost all metabolic cellular activities of human bodies. In other living organisms like plants, ATP also helps in the process called photosynthesis. In yeasts, ATP is also involved in the fermentation process. In small organisms like fungi, ATP helps in the respiration process.
What is the purpose of ATP and NADPH during photosynthesis?
ATP provides energy to various types of biochemical reactions including anabolic reactions, cell division, and movement while NADPH provides electrons and protons to the dark reaction of photosynthesis and many biosynthetic and redox reactions in animals.
What is the driving force behind ATP synthase?
In both chloroplasts and mitochondria the driving force behind ATP synthesis is the proton motive force that exists between two cellular compartments. This force is produced by the electrochemical gradient for H+ across the membrane dividing the two compartments, which is impermeable to protons.
How is ATP synthesized during photosynthesis?
In photosynthesis, ATP is synthesized from the thylakoid membrane (sites of the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis) of chloroplast cells of plants. The photon particles from the sunlight excite the chloroplast thylakoid membrane, which in turn converts this excitation into ATP’s chemical energy.