What is the role of th 17?
Th17 cells play an important role in maintaining mucosal barriers and contributing to pathogen clearance at mucosal surfaces; such protective and non-pathogenic Th17 cells have been termed as Treg17 cells. They have also been implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders.
What are Th22 cells?
T helper type 22 (Th22) cells are a subset of human CD4+ effector T cell that primarily secretes IL-22, IL-13, and TNF-alpha. Similar to Th17 cells, Th22 cells express IL-22, CCR4, and CCR6, but in contrast, they also express CCR10 and several fibroblast growth factors (FGFs).
Do dendritic cells produce IL-17?
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) has been the subject of a great deal of recent research, mainly as the cytokine that characterizes the CD4+ T helper cell subset known as TH17 cells.
Which cytokine is a precursor to IL-17?
Cytokines released from DCs stimulate dying keratinocytes to secrete TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-6 leading to the chemotaxis of T cells, natural killer cells and monocytes to the epidermis. These cells release IL-23 which induce Th17 cells to produce IL-17.
How does an IL-17 inhibitor work?
Additionally, IL-17 inhibits endothelial cell production of Del-1, a glycoprotein that restrains neutrophil extravasation by blocking the interaction of the LFA-1 integrin on neutrophils with the molecule intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells.
What stimulates Th17 cells?
Due to the pro-inflammatory effects of IL-17A and IL-17F, exploring the origin and function of Th17 cells may be beneficial for inflammatory disease therapy. It is widely acknowledged that Th17 cells can be stimulated by the combination of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-6 or by the IL-23p40 pathway alone.
How does Th17 play a role in lung disease?
THE TH17 PATHWAY IN LUNG DISEASE. CD4+ T cells have long been known to play important roles in many lung diseases. Their critical role in pulmonary mucosal immunity in humans was exemplified by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic.
How are Th17 cells implicated in autoimmune diseases?
Indeed, Th17 cells are potent inducers of tissue inflammation and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many experimental autoimmune diseases and human inflammatory conditions.
Is the Th17 pathway involved in ulcerative colitis?
Th17 pathway in Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease (CD) is, along with ulcerative colitis, one of the two major forms of IBD in humans. It is characterized by chronic, relapsing inflammation that can involve any level of the GI tract, although it typically involves the small and large intestine.
Which is the hallmark cytokine of Th17 cells?
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), the hallmark cytokine of Th17 cells, was discovered in 1993 as a novel cytokine cloned from activated cytotoxic T cells and named as CTLA8 ( Rouvier et al., 1993 ).