What are the booting process of a Linux?
In Linux, there are 6 distinct stages in the typical booting process.
- BIOS. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System.
- MBR. MBR stands for Master Boot Record, and is responsible for loading and executing the GRUB boot loader.
- GRUB.
- Kernel.
- Init.
- Runlevel programs.
What are booting process steps?
Steps of Booting
- The Startup. It is the first step that involves switching the power ON.
- BIOS: Power On Self Test. It is an initial test performed by the BIOS.
- Loading of OS. In this step, the operating system is loaded into the main memory.
- System Configuration.
- Loading System Utilities.
- User Authentication.
How does a kernel start?
Thus, the kernel initializes devices, mounts the root filesystem specified by the boot loader as read only, and runs Init ( /sbin/init ) which is designated as the first process run by the system (PID = 1). A message is printed by the kernel upon mounting the file system, and by Init upon starting the Init process.
What are the four steps of the Linux boot process?
The booting process takes the following 4 steps that we will discuss in greater detail: BIOS Integrity check (POST)…
- The BIOS Integrity Check (POST)
- The Bootloader (GRUB2)
- Kernel Initialization.
What is Linux boot loader?
A boot loader, also called a boot manager, is a small program that places the operating system (OS) of a computer into memory. If a computer is to be used with Linux, a special boot loader must be installed. For Linux, the two most common boot loaders are known as LILO (LInux LOader) and LOADLIN (LOAD LINux).
Why is the booting process necessary?
Why is Booting Required? Hardware doesn’t know where the operating system resides and how to load it. Need a special program to do this job – Bootstrap loader. E.g. BIOS – Boot Input Output System.
What are the type of booting?
It is of two types (1) Cold booting: when the computer is started after having been switched off. (2) Warm booting: when the operating system alone is restarted (without being switched off) after a system crash or ‘freeze. ‘