What are the factors affecting cooling tower performance?
Cooling tower performance depends on four factors (1) Range; (2) Heat load; (3) Ambient wet-bulb temperature or relative humidity and (4) Approach. Range is the temperature difference between the hot water inlet and cold water outlet at the tower.
What are five factors that affect the efficiency of a cooling tower?
List five factors that affect the efficiency of a cooling tower. Relative humidity and wet bulb temperature, velocity of the wind, temperature, design of the tower, instrument problems.
What is performance parameter of cooling tower?
iii) Cooling tower effectiveness (in percentage) is the ratio of range, to the ideal range, i.e., difference between cooling water inlet temperature and ambient wet bulb temperature, or in other words it is = Range / (Range + Approach).
What causes poor performance of cooling tower?
Inefficiencies can occur due to under or over sizing, controls that are not properly functioning, flawed strategies for operation, and basic lack of maintenance that can create fouling of the exchangers.
How can we increase the efficiency of a cooling tower?
How to Increase Your Industrial Cooling Tower Efficiency
- Save energy.
- Reduce the amount of water being consumed.
- Decrease the amount of chemicals required for water treatment.
- Extend the equipment service life.
- Reduce operating costs, overall.
How is cooling tower capacity calculated?
This should be expressed in Fahrenheit and is denoted as dt in the formula. Multiply 500 times the water flow rate, times the temperature difference, divided by 12,000 or 500 x q x dt/12,000. The result is the tons of capacity of the cooling tower.
How can I improve my cooling tower performance?
How do cooling towers reduce evaporation loss?
Evaporation is a necessary part of the system operation and can only be reduced by a reduction in the cooling load or by increasing the level of dry cooling being achieved by a hybrid tower.
Why do cooling towers overflow?
My cooling tower is overflowing because the mechanical float valve is stuck open. Therefore, when the water pressure force is greater than the buoyant force, the float ball is forced down and the valve stays open flooding the cold water basin.
How is cooling tower capacity determined?
What is cooling tower capacity?
The cooling tower’s capacity is the product of the mass flow rate of water, specific heat, and temperature difference. This can also be expressed as heat rejected in kCal/hr (Btu/h). Evaporation loss. This is the amount of water that is evaporated during the cooling process.
How do cooling towers control pH?
What You Can Do to Balance Tower Water pH
- Determine Water Quality. Start by measuring the water’s pH, alkalinity, hardness and conductivity.
- Establish Target Cycles of Concentration.
- Monitor COC and Water Performance.
- Automate Your Processes.
- Protect Your Equipment.
- Work With Your Vendor.
How does the approach to a cooling tower affect its performance?
Approach is influenced by cooling tower performance characteristics. Range is influenced by the process water source. The main cooling tower variables that affect approach are heat load, tower size and airflow. Airflow is influenced by air density differences in the case of natural draft cooling towers.
How many tons can a cooling tower hold?
The Figure 7.2 illustrates various cooling tower types. Mechanical draft towers are avail-able in a large range of capacities. Normal capacities range from approximately 10 tons, 2.5 m3/hr flow to several thousand tons and m3/hr. Towers can be either factory built or fielderected – for example concrete towers are only field erected.
When is a cooling tower called a crossflow?
If the air contacts the water in crossing direction, the cooling tower will be called as crossflow. If the water contacts the air flow in opposite direction, the cooling tower is classified as counterflow cooling tower. If the air flow is a natural flow (buoyancy flow), the cooling tower is natural draft type.