Why does glycosylation matter in building better flu shot?
The appearance of new glycosylation shields underlying amino acid residues from antibody contact, tunes receptor specificity, and balances receptor avidity with virion escape, all of which help maintain viral propagation through seasonal mutations.
How are viruses glycosylated?
Viral proteins are glycosylated by the host-cell as viruses are able to hijack cellular glycosylation. In addition, as glycans are genetically encoded, glycosylation can be under significant selective pressure from factors such as immune evasion, and functions in glycoprotein folding and assembly [23].
What is the mechanism of influenza?
The primary mechanism of influenza pathophysiology is a result of lung inflammation and compromise caused by direct viral infection of the respiratory epithelium, combined with the effects of lung inflammation caused by immune responses recruited to handle the spreading virus (Table 1).
How does the immune system response to influenza?
When T cells specifically recognize influenza virus proteins, they then begin to proliferate in the lymph nodes around the lungs and throat. This causes swelling and pain in these lymph nodes. After a few days, these T cells move to the lungs and begin to kill the virus-infected cells.
Do all viruses have hemagglutinin?
Therefore, HA is responsible for binding Influenza virus to sialic acid on the surface of target cells, such as cells in the upper respiratory tract or erythrocytes, causing as a result the internalization of the virus….Hemagglutinin (influenza)
| Influenza C hemagglutinin stalk | |
|---|---|
| OPM protein | 2jrd |
| showAvailable protein structures: |
How does glycosylation affect immune response?
Specific glycosylation patterns are required for the normal activity of many immune molecules. Changes in patterns of glycosylation may lead to impaired protein expression, altered protein ligand function, and significant alterations in immune pathway signaling.