What is vicinal glycol?
A glycol, also known as a vicinal diol, is a compound with two -OH groups on adjacent carbons.
What are diols chemistry?
A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups (−OH groups). An aliphatic diol is also called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. The most common industrial diol is ethylene glycol.
What do you mean by enolization of ketones?
Enolization or a keto-enol tautomerism is a process of converting a ketone or an aldehyde to a corresponding enol (in acidic conditions) or an enolate (in basic conditions). When we refer to the enolization, we specifically refer to the process that takes you from a ketone or an aldehyde to an enol or an enolate.
How do you name diols?
Diols (or polyols)
- The root name is based on the longest chain containing both the alcohol groups.
- The chain is numbered so as to give the one of the alcohol groups the lowest possible number (i.e.
- The appropriate multiplier (i.e. di- for two, tri for three etc.) is inserted before the -ol suffix or before the root.
What is a hydroxyl functional group?
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group with the chemical formula -OH and composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen atom. In organic chemistry, alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups.
What does vicinal mean in organic chemistry?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ] the descriptor vicinal (from Latin vicinus = neighbor), abbreviated vic, describes any two functional groups bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms (i.e., in a 1,2-relationship).
What are enols and Enolates?
Enols can be viewed a alkenes with a strong electron donating substituent. Enolates are the conjugate bases or anions of enols (like alkoxides are the anions of alcohols) and can be prepared using a base.
How do you name a hydroxyl group?
In substitutive nomenclature, the hydroxy group, , as the principal characteristic group is indicated by adding a suffix, such as “-ol”, “-diol”, etc., as appropriate, to the name of the parent hydride with elision of a terminal “e” before a following vowel.
What is a hydroxyl group in biology?
Hydroxyl group. An -OH or alcohol group on a larger molecule. The oxygen is single-bonded to the hydrogen and has one free bond to the rest of the molecule. Molecules with one or more hydroxyl groups are called alcohols.
What is the valence of the hydroxyl group?
The hydroxyl group is denoted by -OH in chemical structures and has a valence charge of -1. The hydroxyl radical is very reactive, so it quickly reacts with other chemical species. Hydroxyl radicals can cause DNA and cell damage.
What is the definition of a hydroxyl group?
Hydroxyl Group Definition. A hydroxyl group is a functional group that attaches to some molecules containing an oxygen and hydrogen atom, bonded together.
Is the hydroxyl group always positive or negative?
Hydroxyl groups are polar, and the oxygen side is always negative, while the hydrogen side is always positive. The hydroxyl group is an integral component of organic chemistry.
What is the difference between hydroxyl and hydroxide?
Hydroxyl Versus Hydroxy. The terms “hydroxyl” and “hydroxy” tend to be used interchangeably, but they don’t technically mean the same thing. The term hydroxyl means the radical OH. The functional group -OH is more properly called a hydroxy group. Further, the [OH -] anion, which is called hydroxide, consists of a hydroxy group.