What are microcarriers made of?
Microcarriers are supportive structures for cell growth and expansion; they are made of synthetic (i.e., dextran, plastic, glass) or natural (cellulose, gelatin, and collagen) materials with specific engineered porosities (Malda and Frondoza, 2006).
What are microcarriers in cell culture?
Microcarriers provide anchorage or an attachment surface for the suspended cell culture, which helps in increasing the viability of the cells [67]. Microcarriers come in the form of beads and are manufactured from different materials like gelatin, dextran, cellulose, plastic, or glass.
What is the function of microcarrier?
Explanation: The microcarrier beads are used to increase the number of adherent cells per flask and are either dextran or glass based, they come in a range of densities and sizes. The beads are buoyant and therefore can be used with spinner culture flasks.
What is cytodex?
Cytodex 1 (Dry Powder) Overview. A general-purpose microcarrier for most established, anchorage-dependent cell lines. General-purpose microcarrier for most established, anchorage-dependent cell lines. Contains positive charges throughout the microporous matrix.
What do you mean by spent medium?
Spent media is the cell culture media that is formed by cell growth and remains after culturing of cells.
What is perfusion cell culture?
Perfusion cell culture utilizes a cell retention device and continuous media exchange to achieve and maintain high cell densities and viabilities over extended periods of time, typically weeks. Perfusion may also be used to intensify the seed train with reduced steps and faster overall time to production.
What are adherent cells?
Adherent cells are cells which must be attached to a surface to grow. They are commonly used in laboratory environments. Typically, most suspension cells were originally adherent and have been adapted to work in suspension culture.
What are single use bioreactors made of?
Instead of a culture vessel made from stainless steel or glass, a single-use bioreactor is equipped with a disposable bag. The disposable bag is usually made of a three-layer plastic foil. One layer is made from Polyethylene terephthalate or LDPE to provide mechanical stability.
How do you sterilize animal cell culture media?
Glassware, stainless steel instruments, plastic containers, distilled water, phosphate buffered saline and growth medium are sterilized in autoclave at 121 °C and under pressure 15 lb/square inch for 20 minutes. This process of sterilization by means of an autoclave is called as wet heat. It is followed by dry heat.
What are spinner flasks used for?
Spinner flasks are used as bioreactors for growing suspension cultures in liquid media (Kim et al., 2004). These flasks are stirred tank bioreactors, in which impeller mixing maintains the cells in suspension and the fluid movement helps in mass transport of nutrients and wastes.
What is ATF perfusion?
Source: Refine Technology, LLC. The ATF™ System was originally designed for perfusion processes in mammalian cell culture, using hollow fiber filters to achieve an efficient cell separation with low shear and allowing robust large scale manufacturing.