What chemotherapy is used for medulloblastoma?
After cyclophosphamide, nitrosoureas and methotrexate more effective drugs would be applied in the treatment of medulloblastoma: carboplatin, cisplatin, etoposide and ifosfamide. In resistant or relapsed cases several other drugs are used, too, as Temozolomide.
What is high risk medulloblastoma?
High-risk medulloblastoma patients are defined by the presence of metastatic disease and/or an incomplete resection with a residual amount of tumour>1.5 cm2.
What stage is medulloblastoma?
Medulloblastomas are all classified as Grade IV tumors. This means they are malignant (cancerous) and fast-growing. There are four subtypes that have been identified in children with medulloblastoma. In adults with medulloblastoma, these subtypes are not as well-defined as they are in children.
Is medulloblastoma a terminal?
Although treatment is successful for many children with a brain tumor, sometimes it is not. If a child’s tumor cannot be cured or controlled, this is called advanced or terminal medulloblastoma.
What are the 4 subtypes of medulloblastoma?
The four principal subgroups of medulloblastoma were named as follows: Wnt, Shh, Group 3, and Group 4 (Fig. 2). The Wnt and Shh (Sonic Hedgehog) were named for the signaling pathways thought to play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of that subgroup.
Do children survive medulloblastoma?
Overall, the survival rate for children with medulloblastoma that has not spread is about 70% to 80%. The survival rate if the medulloblastoma has spread to the spinal cord is about 60%.
Is medulloblastoma fast growing?
Medulloblastomas are very fast-growing. They often spread to other areas of the CNS through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Rarely, medulloblastomas can spread outside the CNS to the bones or the lymphatic system.
Does medulloblastoma metastasize?
While the spread of malignant brain tumors is usually limited to the CNS, medulloblastomas can aggressively metastasize into extraneural tissues.
Does medulloblastoma always come back?
Recurrent Childhood Medulloblastoma Childhood medulloblastoma often recurs. A tumor may come back many years later at the same place or a different place in the brain. It can also come back in other parts of the body such as the spinal cord.