What does galectin 3 do?
Function. Galectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding lectin that is secreted by macrophages and is best known for its regulatory functions in inflammation, immunity, and cancer.
Is BCL2 anti apoptotic?
BCL2 (and its antiapoptotic orthologues) seems to inhibit apoptosis by the preservation of mitochondrial membrane integrity as its hydrophobic carboxyl-terminal domain is linked to the outer membrane. It is also known that BCL2 binds to and inactivates BAX and other pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.
Is Bcl-2 a caspase?
Caspases themselves are zymogens which are activated by proteolysis. Together, these data indicate that Bcl-2 can protect cells from apoptosis by acting at a point downstream from release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, thereby preventing a caspase-3 dependent proteolytic cascade.
Who discovered Bcl-2?
In 1988, the first demonstration of oncogenic potential of Bcl-2 was made by Reed et al,28 confirming that Bcl-2 is a bona fide protooncogene. Shortly thereafter, the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 was discovered by Vaux et al,11 a milestone in research on Bcl-2 that laid a foundation for the next 2 decades of work.
Is galectin-3 GOOD OR BAD?
The authors of a high-profile paper published last year in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology concluded that elevated galectin-3 levels are “associated withincreased risk for new-onset heart failure and all-cause mortality”.
What is a normal galectin level?
In recent research, the average value for galectin-3 in the general population was found to be 11.7 ng/ml [5]. In patients with congestive heart failure, abnormal levels for the galectin-3 ELISA test measure >17.8 ng/ml.
What does BCL2 positive mean?
Samples with 50% or more malignant cells expressing BCL2 were defined as BCL2 positive. In all, 69 DLBCL cases were stained with CD10, BCL6 and MUM1 to determine cell of origin subtype by Hans criteria.
What causes BCL2 overexpression?
The results suggest that gene amplification and translocation are at least equally common mechanisms causing bcl-2 protein overexpression in DLBCL. Bcl-2 protein overexpression as determined by IHC is associated with poor response to chemotherapy and poor survival.
What is the function of BCL2 proteins?
The BCL-2 family of proteins controls cell death primarily by direct binding interactions that regulate mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) leading to the irreversible release of intermembrane space proteins, subsequent caspase activation and apoptosis.
How was BCL2 discovered?
BCL2 was originally identified in Croce’s lab in 1984 as the target within the breakpoint region of the t(14;18) translocation carried by patients with the follicular variant of B-cell lymphoma, from which it takes its name.
Is galectin-3 a protein?
Human galectin-3 is a 35-kDa protein that is coded by a single gene, LGALS3, located on chromosome 14. The N-terminal domain of galectin-3 is essential for its multimerization, sensitive to proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases and may participate in the interaction with other intracellular proteins (3).
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