What is cam-type femoroacetabular impingement?
Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a known cause of groin pain and a condition that can give rise to osteoarthritis of the hip (1). Patients suffering from this condition are mainly young and experience pain when the hip is moved through internal rotation and adduction at 90° of hip flexion.
What is Cam hip impingement?
Cam impingement occurs when the femoral head is not perfectly round and cannot rotate smoothly inside the acetabulum. It often results from a bump formed from excess bone growth at the end of the femur. During movement, the bump grinds the cartilage inside the acetabulum.
What is the difference between a cam impingement deformity and a pincer impingement deformity?
Cam impingement occurs because the ball-shaped end of the femur (femoral head) is not perfectly round. This interferes with the femoral head’s ability to move smoothly within the hip socket. Pincer impingement involves excessive coverage of the femoral head by the acetabulum.
How do you treat Cam morphology?
Correction of this malformation, generally accomplished with arthroscopic femoroplasty, is considered the mainstay of treatment. The goal in treating cam morphology is to increase the femoral head-neck offset by creating a spherical head.
What is cam type?
Cam-type morphology occurs when an abnormally shaped femoral head/neck has a region of increased radius forming a bump or ridge (1). During motions of flexion and internal rotation, an increased amount of shear stress is placed on the labral cartilage by the abnormal contact with the enlarged femoral head/neck (2).
Does Cam impingement need surgery?
Approximately 60% of patients with cam lesions can be treated successfully without surgery. The mainstay of non-operative treatment of cam impingement is physical therapy.
What is the primary cause of a cam deformity?
Cam deformities are due to loss of the sphericity (round shape) of this femoral head. As a result, the labrum can become “pinched” between the bone of the socket and the bone of the ball and is referred to as femoroacetabular impingement or FAI.
What causes a cam impingement?
There are two main causes of hip impingement: A deformity of the ball at the top of the femur (called cam impingement). If the head is not shaped normally, the abnormal part of the head can jam in the socket when the hip is bent. This may occur during activities such as riding a bicycle or tying your shoes.
What is mild cam morphology?
How common is Cam morphology?
In the general asymptomatic population, the reported prevalence of the cam morphology is 14% [48, 49]. In this study, the recorded typical α dislocation was between 1 and 2:30 o’clock, with a mean value of 64.87 ± 11.53° for the right hip and 65.97 ± 11.12° for the left hip (range: 42–80° and 50–80°, respectively).