What is Monascus pigment?
Monascus pigments (MPs) are an azaphilone mixture, which usually include yellow, orange, and red, total three kinds of constituents, even sometimes the culture conditions of Monascus spp. might have an impact on MPs constitutes (DomÃnguez-Espinosa and Webb 2003; Lin and Demain 1991; Yongsmith et al. 1993).
What does monascus Purpureus produce?
It produces a number of statins. The naturally occurring lovastatins and analogs are called monacolins K, L, J, and also occur in their hydroxyl acid forms along with dehydroxymonacolin and compactin (mevastatin). The prescription drug lovastatin, identical to monacolin K, is the principal statin produced by M.
Where is Monascus found?
Monascus is often encountered in oriental foods, especially in southern China, Japan, and Southeastern Asia. Currently, more than 50 patents have been issued in Japan, the United States, France, and Germany, concerning the use of Monascus pigments for food.
What is the use of monascus Purpureus?
– Monascus purpureus is the yeast used commercially in the production of blood cholesterol-lowering statins. It is fungus most important because of its use in the form of red yeast rice in the production of fermented food in China. – Ethanol is produced by the fermentation processes by yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
How does Monascus purpureus reproduce?
purpureus reproduces sexually (by the formation of cleistothecium with ascospores) and asexual (by the formation of conidia). In Monascus species, the formation of either asexual or sexual spores appears to be an effective growth strategy.
Is Monascus a yeast?
Red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) is rice fermented with red yeast. It contains several derivatives of mevinic acids, including lovastatin. Lovastatin is an active ingredient in cholesterol-lowering medicinal products, but when found in red yeast rice it is more often referred to by its synonymous name monacolin K.
What is Monascus Ruber?
Monascus ruber (anamorph: Basipetospora rubra) is a filamentous fungus (family Monascaceae, order Eurotiales) (16). In Asia, this fungus is traditionally used to produce Monascus-fermented rice and is commonly employed as a food colorant, flavoring agent, or additive for preserving fish and meat (14).
What is the bioactive molecule of Monascus purpureus?
(b) The bioactive molecules produced by: Trichoderma polysporum is – immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A. Monascus purpureus – is blood cholesterol lowering agents called Statins.
Is Monacolin K the same as Monascus purpureus?
Red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) is rice fermented with red yeast. Lovastatin is an active ingredient in cholesterol-lowering medicinal products, but when found in red yeast rice it is more often referred to by its synonymous name monacolin K.
How are Monascus pigments used in the food industry?
Monascus pigments production, composition, bioactivity and its application: A review. Abstract. Monascus species produce useful secondary metabolite, Monascus pigments (MPs). They are widely used in food industry as a color intensifier, food additives and nitrite substitute in the meat product.
How is adsorbent resin used in the production of Monascus?
Evans and Wang (1984) postulated that the addition of the adsorbent resin to the immobilized Monascus culture increased both the maximum pigment production and the production rate above those of the free cell fermentations. Most studies describe the use of immobilized cells in numerous quantities for a more economical production.
What kind of metabolites can Monascus synthesize?
It can synthesize many secondary metabolites including red and yellow pigments, monacolins and gamma-aminobutyric acid ( Blanc et al., 1994, Ma et al., 2000 ).
Is the citrinin produced by Monascus nephrotoxic?
However, Monascus species are also oxygenic strains that can produce the nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic mycotoxin citrinin; this greatly limits the wide application of the Monascus related products ( Blanc et al., 1995a, Blanc et al., 1995b ).
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