What is antitumor agent?
Antitumor agents prevent or inhibit the formation or growth of tumors and are known as antitumor, anticancer, chemotherapeutic, or antimetastatic agents. Antitumor agents kill those cells that divide rapidly, which is one of the main property in most types of cancer cells.
What are chemotherapeutic agents in pharmacology?
As such, the chemotherapeutic armamentarium includes antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antineoplastic compounds. Chemotherapeutic agents may be selectively toxic to invade micro- or macroorganisms, but in many cases, they can also result in adverse effects in the host.
What drugs are alkylating agents?
Examples of alkylating agents include:
- Altretamine.
- Bendamustine.
- Busulfan.
- Carboplatin.
- Carmustine.
- Chlorambucil.
- Cisplatin.
- Cyclophosphamide.
What are antineoplastic agents examples?
Antineoplastic agents that are well known to cause significant direct hepatotoxicity when given in moderate to high doses (particularly when used in myeloablation before hematopoietic cell transplantation) include busulfan, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, cytarabine, fluorouracil, carboplatin and L- …
How do antitumor antibiotics work?
Antitumor antibiotic Antitumor antibiotics are cell cycle nonspecific. They act by binding with DNA and preventing RNA (ribonucleic acid) synthesis, a key step in the creation of proteins, which are necessary for cell survival. They are not the same as antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections.
What is the antitumor effect?
Increased understanding of the mechanistic basis of the antitumor effects indicates that these might occur via direct mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor cell adhesion and invasion, as well as indirect mechanisms such as inhibition of angiogenesis.
What do chemotherapeutic agents do to you?
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells. It usually works by keeping the cancer cells from growing, dividing, and making more cells. Because cancer cells usually grow and divide faster than normal cells, chemotherapy has more of an effect on cancer cells.
What is the major toxicity of the alkylating agents?
The major clinical toxicities of most of the alkylating agents are similar to those of mechloramine, primarily bone marrow depression (including anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia) and nausea and vomiting. As noted above, alkylating agents generally have low TIs, because they target all dividing cells.
What do antineoplastic drugs do?
Antineoplastic drugs are medications used to treat cancer. Antineoplastic drugs are also called anticancer, chemotherapy, chemo, cytotoxic, or hazardous drugs. These drugs come in many forms. Some are liquids that are injected into the patient and some are pills that patients take.
What is antineoplastic waste?
Chemotherapeutic/antineoplastic wastes include spent or excess cytotoxic compounds, liquid and solid waste from cell cultures treated with such agents, expended personal protective equipment, and spill cleanup materials.
What are antitumor antibiotics?
Antitumor antibiotics include products that are produced from Streptomyces bacteria like: bleomycin; anthracyclines like doxorubicin and daunorubicin; and dactinomycin, also called actinomycin D. These medications interfere with DNA replication and often damage the DNA itself, leading to cell death.
What are antitumor effects?
What are the activities of antitumor in plants?
Antitumor activities include blockade of autocrine/paracrine growth-promoting hormone and growth factor production, inhibition of growth factor-mediated mitogenic signals and induction of apoptosis (review in [226]). Maryam Khan, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, in Medicinal Plants of South Asia, 2020
How are antitumor drugs bind to the DNA?
Antitumor natural products belonging to the tetrahydroisoquinoline family 53 have been under study for more than 35 years, starting with the isolation of napthyridinomycin. These compounds normally bind to DNA by alkylation of specific nucleotide sequences in the minor groove.
Are there any antitumor drugs for breast cancer?
Antitumor molecules are currently used as part of multiple drug regimens with limited activity, even in the most sensitive malignancies (i.e., breast cancer) (Reddy and Couvreur, 2008 ).
Which is the best antitumor drug for neoplastic cells?
Crocetin show antitumor effect by reducing synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in neoplastic cells, RNA polymerase II inhibition, and interaction with histone H1 and H1-DNA structures. Safranal also was found to show mild antitumor activity ( Milajerdi et al., 2016 ).