What are examples of oncofetal antigens?
One example of an oncofetal antigen is alpha-fetoprotein, which is produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and some germ cell tumors. Another example is carcinoembryonic antigen, which is elevated in people with colon cancer and other tumors.
What are Oncofetal genes?
Oncofetal genes are defined as genes expressed in the embryos or fetuses, which are turned off or suppressed in adult tissue, but re-expressed in tumor cells (Cleynen et al., 2007; Sarandakou et al., 2007). Most are clinically useful markers or functionally interesting genes.
What are the types of tumor antigens?
Importance of tumor antigens
| Tumor antigen | Tumor in which it is found |
|---|---|
| MUC-1 | Breast cancer |
| Epithelial tumor antigen (ETA) | Breast cancer |
| Tyrosinase | Malignant melanoma |
| Melanoma-associated antigen (MAGE) | Malignant melanoma |
Is PSA an oncofetal antigen?
Investigations in this field led to the discovery of several oncofetal antigens such as carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which continue to have clinical utility and are important targets for cancer therapy.
What serum markers are oncofetal antigens?
A Oncofetal Proteins Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the most widely used oncofetal protein tumor markers (Garrett and Kurtz, 1986).
What are Oncoviral antigens?
Oncoviral antigens consist of proteins derived from the viruses driving the oncogenic transformation; these proteins are the source of peptides present on the cellular surface in the HLA context and recognized by T cells.
Which are the oncofetal tumor antigen?
Is calcitonin a tumor marker?
Calcitonin is a type of tumor marker. Tumor markers are substances made by cancer cells or by normal cells in response to cancer in the body. If too much calcitonin is found in the blood, it may be a sign of a type of thyroid cancer called medullary thyroid cancer (MTC).
Where are Oncofetal antigens found in the body?
This oncofetal antigen was first described by Gold and Freedman433 in 1965. CEA is a large family of 36 different, but related, glycoproteins, which are part of the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA is present in the gastrointestinal tract during fetal life and occurs at low concentrations in adults.
Which is the most common oncofetal cancer marker?
Carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are the most widely used oncofetal protein tumor markers ( Garrett and Kurtz, 1986 ). CEA has been well studied in human medicine, and since the 1970s it has been recognized as a useful marker for cancers of the lung, colon-rectum, breast, ovary,…
When do you see oncofetal proteins in a fetus?
Oncofetal proteins are seen during an indeterminate period of normal embryonic or fetal life.
Where are carcinoembryonic antigens found in plasma?
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), described by Gold and Freedman in 1965, was the first and most widely used plasma tumor marker. Like AFP, it belongs to the so-called ‘oncofetal’ antigens, which are normally found in fetal tissues and plasma but are present only in very small quantities in normal adult subjects.