Do glycerophospholipids have an amino alcohol?
Natural glycerophospholipids have the l configuration. Generally one of the free OH groups on the phosphate moiety is esterified with another component, generating different glycerophospholipids. When the added component is the amino alcohol choline, the phospholipid is phosphatidylcholine, also known as lecithin (Fig.
What alcohol is present in glycerophospholipids?
Structures. The term glycerophospholipid signifies any derivative of glycerophosphoric acid that contains at least one O-acyl, or O-alkyl, or O-alk-1′-enyl residue attached to the glycerol moiety. The alcohol here is glycerol, to which two fatty acids and phosphoric acid are attached as esters.
What are the three amino alcohols found in glycerophospholipids?
The complex amino alcohols include choline, ethanolamine, and the amino acid-serine. The properties of a phospholipid are characterized by the properties of the fatty acid chain and the phosphate/amino alcohol.
Is there alcohol in phospholipids?
In general, phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, and one or two fatty acids. On one end of the molecule are the phosphate group and one alcohol; this end is polar, i.e., has an electric charge, and is attracted to water (hydrophilic).
Which of the following is an amino alcohol?
The preferred amino alcohols are 2-amino-butanol and 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol.
What are the four most common alcohols found in phospholipids?
The complex amino alcohols include choline, ethanolamine, and the amino acid-serine. The properties of a phospholipid are characterized by the properties of the fatty acid chain and the phosphate/amino alcohol. The long hydrocarbon chains of the fatty acids are of course non-polar.
What are waxes and sphingolipids?
| Saponifiable lipids | Nonsaponifiable lipids |
|---|---|
| Triglycerides Glycolipids Sphingolipids Waxes (some) Phospholipids | Steroids Prostaglandins Leukotrienes Terpenes |
What is the main difference between a sphingolipid and an glycerophospholipid?
Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are important constituents of the cell membrane. The glycerophospholipids contain a three carbon glycerol backbone while the sphingolipids contain organic aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine. This is the key difference between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids.
Does glycerophospholipid contain serine?
The main component of this group is a diacyl form: 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine or phosphatidylserine. It is the only amino acid-containing glycerophospholipid in animal cells.
Why is the length of the glycerophospholipid acyl chain important?
The length of glycerophospholipid acyl chain and the degree of saturation are important determinants of many membrane characteristics including the formation of lateral domains that are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Where does the glycerophospholipid moiety come from?
Glycerophospholipids derive from phosphatidic acids, compounds formed by a molecule of glycerol with two of its hydroxyl groups esterified by FAs, and the third hydroxyl esterified by phosphoric acid. C2 of the glycerol moiety is asymmetric, producing stereoisomers.
Which is part of the glycerophospholipid has a polar head?
The glycerophospholipid molecule is amphipathic or amphiphilic, with a polar head and a nonpolar tail. The polar head comprises the free OH groups of the phosphoryl acid moiety and the basic nitrogen of the amino alcohol, while the nonpolar region comprises the tails or carbon chains of the FAs (Fig. 5.7).
How are glycerophospholipids hydrolyzed to phosphatidic acid for LC analysis?
Glycerophospholipids may be hydrolyzed to phosphatidic acid with phospholipase D, or to diacylglycerols with phospholipase C. The latter hydrolysis allows the analysis of phospholipids by TLC, GC, or LC, whereas the hydrolysis with phospholipase D produces molecules that are best analyzed by LC.