What do you mean by derivatization?
Definition of derivatization : the conversion of a chemical compound into a derivative (as for identification)
What is a derivatizing reagent?
Derivatization reagent is the substance that is used to chemically modify a compound to produce a new compound which has properties that are suitable for analysis in GC or LC.
What is meant by derivative in chemistry?
In chemistry, a derivative is a compound that is derived from a similar compound by a chemical reaction. In biochemistry, the word is used for compounds that at least theoretically can be formed from the precursor compound. Chemical derivatives may be used to facilitate analysis.
Why is chemical derivatization needed?
In mass spectrometry, derivatization allows one to obtain more information about the structure of the analyzed molecule, like the position of a particular functional group in the molecule.
What is derivatization in sample preparation?
Derivatization of liquid samples prior to GC analysis is done primarily to improve the chromatographic separation, peak shape, or response of the analyte. Common derivatizations include silylation of hydroxyls, acylation of acids, and alkylations. Most derivatizations are done in the sample vial before the injection.
What is the main reason for derivatizing alcohols and acids before analyzing them on a GC MS?
Derivatization is generally necessary in the analysis by GC of compounds that exhibit low volatility, have poor thermal stability, contain “active” groups that can lead to loss of sample to intermolecular hydrogen bonding or adsorption on the inlet or column, and/or demonstrate poor sensitivity at the detector.
What is silylation reaction?
Silylation is the introduction of a (usually) substituted silyl group (R3Si) to a molecule. The process is the basis of organosilicon chemistry.
What is the point of a derivative?
Derivatives are very useful. Because they represent slope, they can be used to find maxima and minima of functions (i.e. when the derivative, or slope, is zero). This is useful in optimization. Derivatives can be used to estimate functions, to create infinite series.
What are the advantages of derivatization?
It increases total time of analysis. It increases the complexity of post or pre-column reaction. These are general processes by which compounds are rendered volatile after undergoing the following named reactions; Acylation, Alkylation and Silylation.
What is derivatization in GC analysis?
But each analyte must be volatile to facilitate GC analysis. Derivatization provides a means to analyze analytes that are otherwise difficult to volatilize. Analytes include acids and bases, but also entail high-boiling neutral analytes that have a large number of polar substituents, such as sterols and small sugars.
How do you do derivatization?
The three most widely used methods of derivatization in GC are silylation, acylation, and alkylation. Silylation. In this reaction, active hydrogens are displaced by a silyl group, most often tetramethylsilane (TMS). The general reaction scheme is illustrated for TMS reacting with an alcohol below.
How is derivatization used in a chemical reaction?
Derivatization is a technique used in chemistry which transforms a chemical compound into a product (the reaction’s derivate) of similar chemical structure, called a derivative .
How is derivatization used in liquid chromatography?
Derivatization involves changing in some way the basic chemical or physical structure of a compound, usually to a single product, which may be more useful for the analysis of the original analyte in liquid chromatography (LC). Derivatization can be used for analytical or preparative scale LC.
Which is a prerequisite for derivatization of a compound?
Derivatization is a specific chemical reaction, and a reactive functional group in the target compound and the corresponding reaction group (s) of derivatization reagent are the prerequisites for derivatization. Online, pre-column derivatization is accomplished by incorporation of a derivatization reagent into the flow scheme of the LC.
What are the three main types of derivatization?
Types of Derivatization. The bulk of analytical derivatization reactions used for gas chromatography (GC) fall into three general reaction types: alkylation, acylation and silylation. For GC analysis, compounds containing functional groups with active hydrogens (e.g., -COOH, -OH, – NH and -SH) are of primary concern.