Are oligoclonal bands normal in serum?
Since 80% of normal CSF protein is derived from serum, patients with serum monoclonal proteins may also have corresponding CSF bands. In addition, serum oligoclonal bands are present in some patients with Hodgkin’s disease and in up to 5% of normal individuals.
What conditions show oligoclonal bands in serum?
Oligoclonal bands can be found in serum in a number of infections (e.g HIV, EBV) and autoimmune diseases. Indication: Detection of localised neuronal synthesis of immunoglobulin. Most useful in diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
What does the presence of oligoclonal bands indicate?
Oligoclonal bands are proteins called immunoglobulins. The presence of these proteins indicates inflammation of the central nervous system. The presence of oligoclonal bands may point to a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.
What are the different bands seen in serum protein electrophoresis?
The different fractions of the serum proteins separate usually into 5 bands, as – the albumin, α1, α2, β, and the γ globulin fractions. In the interpretation of SPEP, more attention is given to the gamma region, which is mainly composed of Immunoglobulin.
What are serum bands?
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient’s blood serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is analyzed. They are used in the diagnosis of various neurological and blood diseases, especially in multiple sclerosis.
What is an M band?
The M-band: an elastic web that crosslinks thick filaments in the center of the sarcomere.
What is IgG Kappa band?
The most common type of myeloma is IgG kappa. In IgG kappa myeloma, the myeloma cells produce an immunoglobulin made from two IgG heavy chains bound to two kappa light chains. About 15% of patients have light chain myeloma. In this type of myeloma, the myeloma cells secrete only light chain protein and no heavy chains.
Does everyone have oligoclonal bands?
Oligoclonal bands are an important indicator in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Up to 95% of all patients with multiple sclerosis have permanently observable oligoclonal bands at least for those with European ancestry.