What are leaders in lightning?
Most lightning flashes are a result of negatively-charged leaders, called stepped leaders. These leaders develop downward in quick steps. Each step is typically about 50 meters (150 ft) in length. Stepped leaders tend to branch out as they seek a connection with the positive charge on the ground.
What is leadership in military?
Military leadership involves making critical decisions, often in high-pressure situations with consequential risks. Effective military leaders ask the right questions and think strategically in making well-informed conclusions upon which that they can act.
What are the four steps of lightning?
The lightning process is more or less the same for both types.
- The stepped leader. A typical CG lightning strike initiates inside the storm.
- Stepped leader inducing streamers.
- Connection is made with the ground.
- Connection is made with the ground.
- The return stroke, what we see when lightning flashes.
What is a lightning step leader?
A cloud-to-ground lightning strike starts as a channel of negative charges called a stepped leader makes its path towards the ground. The stepped leader continues towards the ground in a series of steps that are each about 50 to 100 metres in length. The stepped leader can branch out in many directions.
What is a positive leader lightning?
The most important finding about upward lightning, is that it primarily occurs when there is a nearby positive cloud-to-ground flash. The electric field change caused by the preceding flash causes an upward positive leader to initiate from a tall object such as a building, tower or wind turbine.
What is an upward leader in lightning?
Upward lightning is the development of a self-propagating lightning leader from a tall object that travels upward toward the overlaying electrified storm cloud. Upward lightning can initiate without any preceding lightning activity, herein classified as self-initiated upward lightning.
What happens when a stepped leader meets an upward leader?
When the stepped leader and the upward leader meet, usually between 30 to 100 metres above the ground, the negative charges begin to flow downward. Almost immediately, a much larger and luminous electric current shoots up to the cloud, following the path taken by the stepped leader.