How do T cells affect lupus?
T cells play a major role in SLE pathogenesis, amplifying inflammation by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, helping B cells to generate autoantibodies, and maintaining the disease through the accumulation of autoreactive memory T cells.
What is the self antigen targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus?
Although 180 or more self-antigens have been reported as targets in SLE (1), only a few are common. This subset, which includes anti-Sm/RNP, anti-Ro/SS-A, anti-La/SS-B, anti-dsDNA, and several others, consists primarily of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) associated proteins.
What cells does systemic lupus erythematosus affect?
In individuals with lupus, both B cells and T cells become overactive. The two main consequences of this increased activity are the production of autoantibodies (antibodies that recognize and destroy the body’s own cells) and inflammation that can lead to long-term, irreversible scarring.
What happens when lupus progresses?
According to the Lupus Research Alliance, about half of all people with lupus experience cognitive difficulties with thought processes. Around 1 in 5 people experience headaches, memory loss, mood swings, and stroke. Blood clots might also develop. These might also lead to dangerous complications, such as stroke.
How does T cell dysfunction lead to their occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus?
T cells are critical players in SLE pathophysiology as they regulate B cell responses and also infiltrate target tissues, leading to tissue damage. Abnormal signaling events link to defective gene transcription and altered cytokine production, contributing to the aberrant phenotype of T cells in SLE.
What causes overactive T cells?
Most common forms are contact dermatitis, tuberculin reaction, and autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus type I, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
What is the antigen for lupus?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease, the immunological hallmark of which is the production of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs)1,2. These antibodies bind to nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), proteins and complexes of DNA or RNA with proteins.
What self antigens are autoantibodies directed against SLE?
Among the different autoantigenic candidates that are recognized by autoantibodies in SLE, there are only two nuclear antigens that are considered pathognomonic of SLE, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and the Sm antigens of the U-1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex [2].
What receptors Does the helper T cell recognize?
Helper T cells display a coreceptor called CD4, which binds to class II MHC molecules, and cytotoxic T cells have on their surfaces the coreceptor CD8, which recognizes class I MHC molecules. These accessory receptors add strength to the bond between the T cell and the target cell.
How does SLE lupus affect the brain?
If your brain is affected by lupus, you may experience headaches, dizziness, behavior changes, vision problems, and even strokes or seizures. Many people with lupus experience memory problems and may have difficulty expressing their thoughts. Blood and blood vessels.
What cells are involved in lupus?
Blood is made up of many different parts, but those that are most often affected by lupus are the red blood cells, the white blood cells, and the platelets. Blood disorders are common in lupus.