What is a synonym for confounding variable?
confounding variablenoun. An extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) with both the dependent variable and the independent variable. Synonyms: confounding factor.
What is the meaning of confounding in research?
Confounding is one of several threats to the internal validity of a research study. ( 1) Confounding is defined as a possible source of bias in studies in which an unmeasured third variable (the confounder) is related to the exposure of interest (although not causally) and causally related to the outcome of interest. (
What is a confounding risk factor?
A confounder can be another risk factor for the disease. For example, in the hypothetical cohort study testing the association between exercise and heart disease, age is a confounder because it is a risk factor for heart disease. Similarly a confounder can also be a preventive factor for the disease.
Are there any synonyms for the word confounding?
Synonyms & Antonyms of confounding (Entry 2 of 2) 1 to throw into a state of mental uncertainty. we were confounded by the player’s remote control, which wasn’t at all user-friendly. Synonyms for confounding. addling, baffling, bamboozling, beating, befogging,
Why do we focus on confounding by unknown variables?
In particular, we focus on confounding by variables that are unknown or unmeasured, which pose a special threat because the inclusion of multiple exposure variables together in a model can sometimes–depending on the causal structure–make things worse, amplifying the amount of bias in a regression estimate compared with analyzing single exposures.
Is there such a thing as residual confounding?
Residual confounding can exist in an observational study due to known confounders, which were not measured, or unknown confounders, which are not apparent to even the most astute of reviewers. The researcher intended to combine the data sets from the two semesters, but needed to be mindful of the potential for confounding or lurking variables.
Is there an alternative to the assumption of no unmeasured confounding?
One alternative to the assumption of no unmeasured confounding is to identify an instrument.