What is a staphylococcal toxin?
Staphylococcal food poisoning results from eating food contaminated with toxins produced by certain types of staphylococci, resulting in diarrhea and vomiting. This disorder can be caused by toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The toxins are found in contaminated foods.
Is staphylococcal enterotoxin fatal?
After inhalation, SEB can induce within 2 h several symptoms that include: head and muscle aches, tachycardia, coughing, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and conjunctiva irritation. These forms of incapacitation occur at nanogram levels, while microgram quantities of SEB can be fatal.
Is Staph aureus a enterotoxin?
Heat-stable enterotoxins are the most notable virulence factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus, a common pathogen associated with serious community and hospital acquired diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) cause toxic shock-like syndromes and have been implicated in food poisoning.
How many antigenic types of staphylococcal enterotoxins are known?
There are six characterized staphylococcal enterotoxins based on serological groups: staphylococcal enterotoxin types A, B, C, D, E, and H (referred to as SEA, SEB, etc.) (3, 60, 65).
What kind of enterotoxin is Staphylococcus aureus?
Staphylococcus aureus is most commonly linked to staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks, but other enterotoxigenic coagulase positive staphylococci such as S. hyicus and S. intermedius have also been implicated in outbreaks (Hennekinne et al., 2010). Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are pyrogenic exotoxins with superantigenic activity.
What is the medical definition of an enterotoxin?
Medical Definition of enterotoxin : a toxic substance that is produced by microorganisms (as some staphylococci) and causes gastrointestinal symptoms (as in some forms of food poisoning or cholera)
How to report staphylococcal enterotoxins in food products?
The presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin detected in food products shall be reported to the Federal Select Agent Program managed by the Center for Disease Control and Protection (CDC): https://www.selectagents.gov/form4.html by completing APHIS/CDC Form 4.
What kind of enterotoxin is in pinnacle beef?
Recent Examples on the Web Pinnacle Foods’ ready-to-eat dried, sliced beef by Armour Star may have been tainted by staphylococcal enterotoxin and clostridial toxin. — Zlati Meyer, USA TODAY, “Pinnacle Foods chipped beef recalled nationwide by USDA for possible toxin contamination,” 30 Apr. 2018