What are pneumococcal serotypes?
PNEUMOVAX 23 is a vaccine indicated for active immunization for the prevention of pneumococcal disease caused by the 23 serotypes contained in the vaccine (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 8, 9N, 9V, 10A, 11A, 12F, 14, 15B, 17F, 18C, 19F, 19A, 20, 22F, 23F, and 33F).
What are the serotypes of Streptococcus?
The serotypes commonly defined as “pediatric serotypes” are 6B, 9V, 14, 19F, and 23F (5). Besides these, serotypes 18C, 7F, 1, 6A, and 4 are reported to be among the 10 serotypes responsible for about 80% of cases of IPD in children younger than age 5 years (8).
What are vaccine serotypes?
For S. pneumoniae, vaccine (VT) serotypes were defined as serotypes found in PCV7 (i.e., 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F). VT-related serotypes were defined as isolates of the same serogroup but not of the same serotype as those in PCV7 (i.e., 6A, 9 non-V, 18 non-C, 19 non-F, and 23 non-F).
How many pneumococcal serotypes are there?
There are 100 distinct serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The pneumococcal capsule serves as the target for current highly effective multivalent vaccines against this global pathogen.
What is serotype 9N?
Serotype 9N represented the earliest PNSP isolates detected in the present study (recovered in 1988), followed by serotype 14 in 1990 and serotype 9V in 1996. Highly penicillin-resistant strains (MICs ranging from 4 to 16 μg/ml) were first detected in 1996 and were restricted to serotypes 14 and 9V.
What are the additional S. pneumoniae serotypes?
The Quellung reaction is the criterion standard method for pneumococcal capsular serotyping. More than 9 serotypes of S pneumoniae have been identified; currently, serotypes 6, 14, 18, 19, and 23 are the most prevalent agents that cause infections.
What is serotype replacement?
Serotype replacement refers to the expansion of non-vaccine serotypes as a result of the removal from the population of vaccine types that compete with them to colonize new hosts. The major replacement serotypes in the carriage studies described here, thus far, have been serotypes 6A, 19A, and 15B/C.
What is difference between serotype and genotype?
Thus, a serotype is a serologically and antigenically distinct variety of microorganism, like a subgroup of a species of bacteria. Serovar is simply a synonym for serotype. Don’t get either term confused with genotype. Genotype refers to an organism’s genetic makeup or constitution.
Why is serotyping important?
Since the 1960s, public health scientists in the US have used serotyping to help find Salmonella outbreaks and track them to their sources. Laboratory experts serotype the Salmonella from infected people. When cases with one serotype increase, they suspect an outbreak and disease detectives start their investigation.
What serotype is Prevnar 13?
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 or Prevnar13®) includes purified capsular polysaccharide of 13 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 19A, 19F, 18C, and 23F) conjugated to a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin known as CRM197.