What is the formation volume factor of water?
The produced water formation volume factor (FVF), Bw, is defined as the volume at reservoir conditions occupied by 1 stock tank barrel (STB) of formation water plus its dissolved gas. It represents the change in volume of the formation water as it moves from reservoir conditions to surface conditions.
What is the gas formation volume factor?
Gas formation volume factor is defined as the ratio of gas volume at reservoir condition to the gas volume at standard condition, that is,(2.62)Bg=VVsc=pscpTTsczzsc=0.0283zTp,where the unit of formation volume factor is ft3/scf.
What is formation water in oil and gas?
Produced water is water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas exploration and production. In traditional oil and gas wells, produced water is brought to the surface along with oil or gas. Produced water can also be called “brine”, “saltwater”, or “formation water.”
What is the salinity of produced water?
20 to 30 billion barrels of produced water are generated by oil and gas production operations each year. This is 70 times the volume of all liquid hazardous wastes generated in the U.S. This water ranges in salinity from a few thousand to 463,000 ppm TDS.
What is total formation volume factor?
Total Formation Volume Factor, Bt The total formation volume factor is the volume in barrels (cubic metre ) that 1.0 stock tank barrel ( cubic metre ) and its initial complement of dissolved gas occupies at reservoir temperature and pressure conditions.
Is STB the same as BBL?
1 General definitions. Oilfield units volumes in oilfield units are barrels (bbl or B); 1 bbl=5.615 ft3 or 0.159 m3. A STB is the same volume defined at some surface standard conditions (in the stock tank) which are usually 60°F and 14.7 psi. (See formation volume factor.)
How do you calculate formation factor?
Unless otherwise stated, the term formation factor usually refers to the apparent formation factor. F has been related to porosity (phi) by several formulae (Archie, Humble and others) that have the general expression F = a / phim, where a is a constant and m the porosity exponent.
Is brine produced water?
Brine, or produced water, is a byproduct of oil and gas production. It consists of water from the geologic formation, injection water, oil and salts. Brine has a high salt concentration the ions of the salts negatively affect the site’s soil and vegetation, impairing its ability to produce crops and forage.
What is the formation water?
Formation waters are mixtures of original trapped fluids such as seawater and fluids modified by rock–water interaction (hydration or dehydration reactions or crustal transport).
What is oilfield brine water?
What is the difference between flowback and produced water?
The difference between flowback and produced water is time spent in the well; flowback usually refers to return of injected fluids, while produced water is formation water that is high in gas and oil1.
Why is formation volume factor important?
The oil formation volume factor is a measure of the degree of change in oil volume as it is produced from the reservoir and brought to surface conditions. In the subsurface formation, pressure as well as temperature is significantly higher than stock-tank conditions.