What is the function of Muller cells?
Müller cells provide trophic and anti-oxidative support of photoreceptors and neurons and regulate the tightness of the blood-retinal barrier. By the uptake of glutamate, Müller cells are more directly involved in the regulation of the synaptic activity in the inner retina.
What are Muller cells in the eye?
Müller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina, assuming many of the functions carried out by astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells in other CNS regions.
Which is a marker for glial cells?
Glial cells provide structural and metabolic support to neurons. They can broadly be classified into macroglia and microglia. Macroglia are present under physiological conditions during both development and adulthood….
| Type | Ependymal cells |
|---|---|
| System | CNS |
| Location | Ventricles, spinal cord |
| Markers | FoxJ1 [25] |
Where are Muller cells located?
the retina
Muller cells are the principal glial cell of the retina. They form architectural support structures stretching radially across the thickness of the retina and are the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membrane, respectively.
What is the process of Phototransduction?
Phototransduction is the conversion of light into a change in the electrical potential across the cell membrane. This process involves the sequential activation of a series of signaling proteins, leading to the eventual opening or closing of ion channels in the photoreceptor cell membrane.
What do bipolar cells in the eye do?
Bipolar cells mediate the path of visual information between photoreceptors and ganglion cells. At the OPL, projections of horizontal cells regulate these interactions to promote sensitivity to contrast.
What are neuronal markers?
A neuronal lineage marker is an endogenous tag that is expressed in different cells along neurogenesis and differentiated cells such as neurons. It allows detection and identification of cells by using different techniques. A neuronal lineage marker can be either DNA, mRNA or RNA expressed in a cell of interest.
Are Muller cells astrocytes?
There are two types of macroglial cells in the mammalian retina, namely astrocytes and Müller glial cells (Newman, 2001). Astrocytes appear to originate in the optic nerve head and subsequently migrate to the nerve fibre layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) (Norton et al. 1992).
What occurs during Phototransduction of light?
Phototransduction is the process through which photons, elementary particles of light, are converted into electrical signals. The membrane potential of a photoreceptor hyperpolarizes in response to light, causing a reduction in the amount of neurotransmitter released by the photoreceptor onto downstream neurons.
What is light transduced by?
The rods and cones are the site of transduction of light to a neural signal. Both rods and cones contain photopigments.
Which is a marker for Muller glial cells?
We compared the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these markers relative to PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), an established marker for proliferating cells in the zebrafish retina, and the Tg(gfap:EGFP) nt11 transgenic line that specifically labels Müller glial cells.
Where are Muller glia located in the retina?
The adult zebrafish retina exhibits a robust regenerative response following light-induced photoreceptor cell death. This response is initiated by the Müller glia proliferating in the inner nuclear layer (INL), which gives rise to neuronal progenitor cells that continue to divide and migrate to the …
Which is Muller cell line expresses opsins in humans?
Repetitive stimulation with 480 nm light evoked slow and fast transient calcium responses in the majority of cells investigated, while irradiation with 600 nm light was ineffective. Conclusions: The human Müller cell line MIO-M1 expresses opsins.
How are Muller glia related to neuronal progenitors?
This suggests that Pax6 expression increases in neuronal progenitors, rather than in the proliferating Müller glia. EGFP expression from the olig2 promoter was first detected by 68 h of constant light treatment in the dedifferentiated Müller glia, with Pax6 expressed in the closely associated proliferating neuronal progenitors migrating to the ONL.