What is itaconic acid used for?
Itaconic acid (2-methylidenebutanedioic acid) is an unsaturated di-carbonic acid. It has a broad application spectrum in the industrial production of resins and is used as a building block for acrylic plastics, acrylate latexes, super-absorbents, and anti-scaling agents (Willke and Vorlop, 2001; Okabe et al., 2009).
Where does itaconic acid come from?
Historically, itaconic acid was obtained by the distillation of citric acid, but currently it is produced by fermentation. The name itaconic acid was devised as an anagram of aconitic acid, another derivative of citric acid.
How is itaconic acid made?
Itaconic acid is formed by the cytosolic enzyme aconitate decarboxylase from cis-aconitic acid. Another biosynthetic pathway from pyruvate through citramalic acid, citraconic acid, and itartaric acid also results in itaconic acid (Figure 18).
What uses citric acid?
What is citric acid used for? Citric acid is used in insecticides and disinfectants to help destroy bacteria and viruses. It is used to preserve and marinate meats, and flavor foods and beverages. For example, citric acid is used in wine to reduce low acidity and improve taste.
What is conic acid?
Citraconic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3C2H(CO2H)2. The acid displays the unusual property of spontaneously forming the anhydride, which, unlike maleic anhydride, is a liquid at room temperature.
Is citric acid poisonous?
Safety and risks. Manufactured citric acid is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (5). No scientific studies exist investigating the safety of manufactured citric acid when consumed in large amounts for long periods.
Is citric acid OK for your skin?
Yes, absolutely. Citric acid is part of the wider Alpha Hydroxy Acid family, and it can deliver numerous benefits for your skin. Citric Acid works as a chemical exfoliant on the epidermis or the outermost layer of your skin to remove dead skin cells, declog your pores, and even out your skin tone.
Why am I craving citric acid?
If you commonly crave acidic foods, you could be low in stomach acid. Strong stomach acid is your body’s first line of defense and serves the purpose of sterilizing your food, disinfecting the stomach, and breaking down your foods (particularly proteins).
Can I eat citric acid?
The FDA says citric acid is “generally recognized as safe” in food and skin products.
Is vitamin C the same as citric acid?
Citric acid is an organic acid and a natural component of many fruits and fruit juices. It is not a vitamin or mineral and is not required in the diet. However, citric acid, not to be confused with ascorbic acid (vitamin C), is beneficial for people with kidney stones.
How is itaconic acid used as a building block?
This is somewhat surprising as itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with an α,β-unsaturated functionality. These structural features allow for a variety of new applications, such as an alternative for acrylated polyesters or modular building blocks for polyesters with tunable properties.
Which is the metabolite of the itaconic acid?
Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a human metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic acid and an olefinic compound. It derives from a succinic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an itaconate (2-).
What is the role of itaconic acid in fungi?
Itaconic acid is a dicarboxylic acid that is methacrylic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a carboxylic acid group. It has a role as a fungal metabolite and a human metabolite.
Where is most of the world’s itaconic acid produced?
Many of the plants in developed countries have therefore relocated to China, which now accounts for the overwhelming majority of global itaconic acid production, estimated at 42,000 tons per year ( Geiser et al., 2016 ). Little is known about the reasons why fungi produce itaconate.