What are PC12 cells used for?
The PC12 cell line has been used to get more information about diseases of the brain. It has been used in research of hypoxia, where acute hypoxia induces exocytosis and prolonged hypoxia can induce excessive exocytosis. PC12 cells were used to find which prion protein fragments caused neuronal dysfunction.
What type of cells are PC12?
There are two collections of the PC12 line: Chinese (weak, medium and highly differentiated) and ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) including PC12 cells grown in suspension and adherent PC12 Adh cells [3]. PC12 cells are a type of catecholamine cells that synthesise, store and release norepinephrine and dopamine.
How to differentiate PC12 cells?
Differentiation of PC12 cells is assessed by semi-quantitative or quantitative morphological methods. These methods can include the measurement of the cell size, neurite number and neurite length. Additionally, neurotypic and gliotypic proteins have been used as biochemical markers of neurotoxicity (8).
Are PC12 cells adherent?
The PC-12 cells grow as small, irregularly shaped cells, loosely adherent or as multi-cell aggregates floating in the growth media. They have a tendency to aggregate and adhere poorly to non-coated surfaces.
What are BV 2 cells?
BV-2 is a type of microglial cell derived from C57/BL6 murine. The BV2 cells are immortalized by v-raf/v-myc carrying J2 retrovirus. BV2 express nuclear v-myc and the cytoplasmic v-raf oncogene products as well as the env gp70 antigen at the surface level.
How do you freeze a PC12?
3.3. Freezing PC12 Cells
- Detach cells from the plates.
- Centrifuge the cell suspension at 242×g for 5 min.
- Resuspend the pellet from one plate in 2 mL of complete medium containing 10% DMSO.
- Pipette the suspended cells into cryotubes and place them in an isopropanol-freezing container.
What does NGF do to PC12 cells?
Evidence suggests that nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by activating the receptor tyrosine kinase, TrkA. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as well as heterotrimeric G proteins are also involved in regulating neurite outgrowth.
What is a microglial cell?
Microglia represent a specialized population of macrophages-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS) considered immune sentinels that are capable of orchestrating a potent inflammatory response.
What happens when cells freeze?
Rapid freezing results in ice crystal formation in the outer parts of cells, which causes the interior of the cells to expand, pushing against the plasma membrane until the cell bursts. In addition to mechanically damaging cells, ice crystals can also cause the salts and proteins in the buffer to become concentrated.
Why do we freeze cells slowly?
In slow-freezing, cells in a medium are cooled to below freezing point. The increase in osmotic strength causes an efflux of water from the cells. Slow cooling is needed in order to allow sufficient efflux of water to minimize the chance of intracellular ice formation.
Can a PC12 cell line be used for differentiation?
Only the traditional PC12 line grown in suspension after differentiation with NGF should be used for neurobiological studies, especially until the role of the NeuN protein, whose expression has also been noted in the cytoplasm of adherent cells, is well understood. Keywords: NGF; PC12; coating; collagen; differentiation; neurons; polylysine.
Why are PC12 cells used in pharmacology?
The popularity of PC12 cells is mainly due to their extreme versatility for pharmacological manipulation, ease of culture and a large amount of background knowledge on their proliferation and differentiation. PC12 cells grown under normal conditions are characterised by morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of the adrenal cells.
How are PC12 cells like adrenal chromaffin cells?
Like adrenal chromaffin cells, PC12 cells synthesize and store DA and sometimes noradrenaline, which are released upon depolarization in a Ca2+-dependent way (Greene & Rein 1977). PC12 cells resemble the phenotype of sympathetic ganglion neurons upon differentiation with nerve growth factor (NGF) and can be subcultured indefinitely.
Can a PC12 cell be subcultured indefinitely?
PC12 cells resemble the phenotype of sympathetic ganglion neurons upon differentiation with nerve growth factor (NGF) and can be subcultured indefinitely. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in PC12 cells can be increased by NGF, insulin, glucocorticoids, cholera toxin and a high plating density (Schubert et al.1980, Tischler et al.1983).