What pathways is p53 involved in?
In addition to the intrinsic pathway, p53 regulates a series of genes that initiate the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (Fas ligand, killer Dr receptor), resulting in the caspase-8 and -3 activities and apoptosis.
What is p53 dependent apoptosis?
The p53 tumor suppressor limits cellular proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to cellular stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, and oncogene activation. Many apoptosis-related genes that are transcriptionally regulated by p53 have been identified.
Which apoptosis pathway is initiated by the p53 tumor suppressor protein?
The p53 tumor-suppressor protein is a key regulator of apoptosis and cancerogenesis. Two major apoptotic pathways, the extrinsic “death” receptors signalling pathway and the intrinsic “mitochondria” pathway, as well as the Bcl-2 family members and caspases family members are described.
How does p53 regulate the cell cycle in the presence of damaged DNA?
In normal cells, the p53 protein level is low. DNA damage and other stress signals may trigger the increase of p53 proteins, which have three major functions: growth arrest, DNA repair and apoptosis (cell death). The growth arrest stops the progression of cell cycle, preventing replication of damaged DNA.
How does p53 lead to senescence?
The p53 transcription factor plays a critical role in cellular responses to stress. Its activation in response to DNA damage leads to cell growth arrest, allowing for DNA repair, or directs cellular senescence or apoptosis, thereby maintaining genome integrity.
What result does C MYC have on transcription?
In the human genome, C-myc is located on chromosome 8 and is believed to regulate expression of 15% of all genes through binding on enhancer box sequences (E-boxes)….Myc.
| MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| NCBI gene | 4609 |
| HGNC | 7553 |
| OMIM | 190080 |
Is p53 involved in apoptosis?
Tumor protein p53 is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expression of a wide variety of genes involved in apoptosis, growth arrest, or senescence in response to genotoxic or cellular stress.
How does p53 become mutated?
The TP53 gene may be damaged (mutated) by cancer-causing substances in the environment (carcinogens) such as tobacco smoke, ultraviolet light, and the chemical aristolochic acid (with bladder cancer). Often times, however, the toxin leading to the mutation is unknown.
How p53 helps in cell-cycle progression and apoptosis?
Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis are the most prominent outcomes of p53 activation. Many studies showed that p53 cell-cycle and apoptosis functions are important for preventing tumor development. p53 also regulates many cellular processes including metabolism, antioxidant response, and DNA repair.