What is the purpose of alkanolamine?
1 Introduction. Aqueous alkanolamine solutions are frequently used for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams in the natural gas, synthetic, and refinery industries.
What is alkanolamine?
Alkanolamines are chemical compounds that contain both hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2, -NHR, and -NR2) functional groups on an alkane backbone. The term alkanolamine is a broad class term that is sometimes used as a subclassification.
What is fatty acid alkanolamide?
: a fatty acid used as a surfactant in some detergents The facility produces next-generation specialty surfactant products including: phospholipids; surfactants based on fatty acid alkanolamides … — Chemical Week, 8 Feb.
Can amine react with alcohol?
A privileged catalytic methodology for the direct coupling of alcohols with amines is based on the so-called borrowing hydrogen strategy4 (Fig. 1b,c). During the catalytic cycle, an alcohol is dehydrogenated to the corresponding carbonyl compound, which reacts with the amine to form an imine.
Are amines and amides the same?
Compounds containing a nitrogen atom bonded in a hydrocarbon framework are classified as amines. Compounds that have a nitrogen atom bonded to one side of a carbonyl group are classified as amides.
What is fatty acid amine?
Abstract. Fatty amines are nitrogen derivatives of fatty acids, olefins, or alcohols prepared from natural sources, fats and oils, or petrochemical raw materials. Commercially available fatty amines consists of either a mixture of carbon chains or a specific chain length from C-8–C-22.
Where are fatty alcohols found?
Very long-chain fatty alcohols (VLCFA), obtained from plant waxes and beeswax have been reported to lower plasma cholesterol in humans. They can be found in unrefined cereal grains, beeswax, and many plant-derived foods.
What is the pH of amine?
Most simple alkyl amines have pKa’s in the range 9.5 to 11.0, and their water solutions are basic (have a pH of 11 to 12, depending on concentration).
How does an amine change with pH?
At low pH most of the amine reactant will be tied up as its ammonium conjugate acid and will become non-nucleophilic. Imines can be hydrolyzed back to the corresponding primary amine under acidic aqueous conditions. Most aldehydes and ketones react with 2º-amines to give products known as enamines.
Are amides amino acids?
Amides are molecules that contain nitrogen atoms connected to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group. It is through this reaction that amino acids (molecules containing both amine and carboxylic acid substituents) link together in a polymer to form proteins.
How are alkanolamines used in the natural gas industry?
Aqueous alkanolamine solutions are frequently used for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams in the natural gas, synthetic, and refinery industries.
How is alkanolamine used as a blowing agent?
Alkanolamines and triols like glycerol are also used. Most of these can be easily determined by GC. Blowing agents are gases released during formation of the urethane which cause the final product to be a rigid or flexible foam. The main blowing agent in flexible foams is water, which forms CO 2 by reaction with isocyanate groups.
How are Super amides produced from alkanolamine?
Super amides are produced by a 1:1 molar reaction between an alkanolamine and a fatty acid. The starting materials have variations in R 1 and R 2 as shown below: The source of the fatty acid can either be the fatty acid, the oil (triglyceride) or the methyl ester of the fatty acid.
How are alkanolamides used in the shampoo industry?
Alkanolamides, in particular “super amides”, are used in shampoos to increase viscosity. These materials are reaction products between a fatty acid and an alkanolamine. Super amides are produced by a 1:1 molar reaction between an alkanolamine and a fatty acid.