What do serine threonine kinases do?
Serine/Threonine Kinase receptors play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis), cell differentiation, and embryonic development.
What do you mean by tyrosine and serine threonine kinases?
Tyrosine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7. 10.1 and EC 2.7. 10.2) phosphorylate tyrosine amino acid residues, and like serine/threonine-specific kinases are used in signal transduction. They act primarily as growth factor receptors and in downstream signaling from growth factors.
Why is serine threonine and tyrosine phosphorylated?
Phosphorylation on amino acids, such as serine, threonine, and tyrosine results in the formation of a phosphoprotein, when the phosphate group of the phosphoprotein reacts with the -OH group of a Ser, Thr, or Tyr sidechain in an esterification reaction.
Is RAF a serine threonine kinase?
RAF kinases are a family of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases that are related to retroviral oncogenes. The mouse sarcoma virus 3611 contains a RAF kinase-related oncogene that enhances fibrosarcoma induction. RAF is an acronym for Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma.
What is the function of serine?
Serine is a polar amino acid that plays a fundamental role in plant metabolism, plant development, and cell signalling. In addition to being a building block for proteins, Serine participates in the biosynthesis of biomolecules such as amino acids, nucleotides, phospholipids, and sphingolipids.
What is serine phosphorylation?
Increased serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 is the proposed molecular mechanism by which TNFα inhibits insulin signaling (4). In cultured fat cells TNFα induces Ser phosphorylation of IRS-1, which subsequently inhibits IRK activity in vitro.
Can serine be phosphorylated?
Phosphorylation is found most commonly on specific serine and threonine amino acid residues in proteins, but it also occurs on tyrosine and other amino acid residues (histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid) as well.
What kinases activate RAF?
All Raf proteins share MEK1/2 kinases as substrates. MEK1/2 in turn activate ERK1/2, and this pathway regulates many cellular functions such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, or apoptosis (for extensive reviews, see Wellbrock et al.,21 Leicht et al.,22 and Dhillon et al.23).
What is unique about serine?
Serine is generally classified as a nutritionally nonessential (dispensable) amino acid, but metabolically, serine is indispensible and plays an essential role in several cellular processes. Serine is the major source of one-carbon units for methylation reactions that occur via the generation of S-adenosylmethionine.
What is the role of the protein kinases in a cell?
Protein Kinases are key regulators of cell function that constitute one of the largest and most functionally diverse gene families. By adding phosphate groups to substrate proteins, they direct the activity, localization and overall function of many proteins, and serve to orchestrate the activity of almost all cellular processes.
What is a kinase or protein kinase substrate?
In general terms, a kinase substrate or protein kinase substrate is a molecule or molecular structure, such as a peptide, oligonucleotide or any other small molecule that can fit into the specific catalytic binding pocket of the kinase.
What does protein kinase B mean?
Protein kinase B ( PKB ), also known as Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription, and cell migration .
What is a kinase inhibitor?
A protein kinase inhibitor is a type of enzyme inhibitor that blocks the action of one or more protein kinases.