Is Fusobacterium found in the mouth?
Fusobacteria, a distinct phylum of bacteria, are a prime example of previously understudied taxa. This phylum includes species commonly found in the human oral cavity (Fusobacterium spp.), human intestinal and urogenital tracts (Leptotrichia spp.
How does Fusobacterium cause colorectal cancer?
The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in the gut is associated with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). F. nucleatum promotes tumor development by inducing inflammation and host immune response in the CRC microenvironment.
Which virus is the etiological agent for oral cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV) was identified as a causal agent of cervical cancer by zur Hausen and colleagues in 1983 (58). The association of HPV with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer was first reported by Loning et al. (59) and de Villiers et al. (60) in 1985 (61).
Where does Fusobacterium nucleatum come from?
Colon Cancer-Associated Fusobacterium nucleatum May Originate From the Oral Cavity and Reach Colon Tumors via the Circulatory System. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral bacterium that is enriched in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (CRC).
How does Fusobacterium nucleatum spread?
nucleatum translocates from the maternal oral cavity to the intrauterine cavity via hematogenous transmission [48–50]. This hypothesis is supported by results from animal studies [51,52].
Which of the following increase the risk of developing oral cancer?
The risk of oral and oropharyngeal cancers is greatly increased by 2 factors: Tobacco use. Using tobacco, including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, is the single largest risk factor for head and neck cancer. Eighty-five percent (85%) of head and neck cancer is linked to tobacco use.
What role do viruses play in the development of oral cancer?
Although it has been suggested that high-risk HPV may induce some percentage of oral carcinogenesis, more evidence is now emerging that HPV infection may also have the potential to significantly alter oral cancer proliferative phenotypes and outcomes.
Is Fusobacterium good or bad?
Fusobacterium was considered as part of the normal flora of the oropharynx formerly, but lately its pathogenic role especially as a driver of periodontitis (27) and its association with intestinal diseases has been demonstrated.
How is Fusobacterium nucleatum related to colon cancer?
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common oral bacterium that is enriched in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas (CRC). In humans, high fusobacterial CRC abundance is associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis.
Where does CRC f.nucleatum come from?
Arbitrarily primed PCR performed previously on matched same-patients CRC and saliva F. nucleatumisolates, suggested that CRC F. nucleatummay originate from the oral cavity. However, the origin of CRC fusobacteria as well as the route of their arrival to the tumor have not been well-established.
How does Fusobacteria translocate to the CRC?
Oral fusobacteria may translocate to CRC by descending via the digestive tract or using the hematogenous route during frequent transient bacteremia caused by chewing, daily hygiene activities, or dental procedures. Using the orthotropic CT26 mouse model we previously showed that IV injected F. nucleatumcolonize CRC.
Can a mouse be injected with f.nucleatum?
Using the orthotropic CT26 mouse model we previously showed that IV injected F. nucleatumcolonize CRC. Here, we compared CRC colonization by gavage vs. intravenous inoculated F. nucleatumin the MC38 and CT26 mouse orthotropic CRC models.