What are the four most important prognostic factors for breast cancer?
Traditional prognostic factors, ie, those that predict the risk of recurrence or death from breast cancer, include number of positive axillary nodes, tumor size, tumor grade (histologic or nuclear), lymphatic and vascular invasion, and the estrogen-receptor (ER) and progesterone-receptor (PR) positivity.
Which of the following are good prognostic factors in breast cancer?
Breast cancer prognostic factors include the following:
- Axillary lymph node status.
- Tumor size.
- Lymphatic/vascular invasion.
- Patient age.
- Histologic grade.
- Histologic subtypes (eg, tubular, mucinous [colloid], or papillary)
- Response to neoadjuvant therapy.
- Estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status.
What is the most important prognostic factor in cancer?
The most important prognostic factors include the following : Thickness and/or level of invasion. Mitotic index (mitoses per millimeter) Ulceration or bleeding at the primary site.
How do you determine breast cancer prognosis?
Your doctor will consider many factors when determining your prognosis, including:
- the size of the breast cancer.
- the stage of the breast cancer: whether the cancer is only in the breast or has spread to the lymph nodes or other places in the body.
- the type of breast cancer.
- the hormone-receptor status of the cancer.
What is prognostic factor?
Listen to pronunciation. (prog-NOS-tik FAK-ter) A situation or condition, or a characteristic of a patient, that can be used to estimate the chance of recovery from a disease or the chance of the disease recurring (coming back).
What is a prognostic model?
A prognostic model is a formal combination of multiple predictors from which risks of a specific endpoint can be calculated for individual patients. Other names for a prognostic model include prognostic (or prediction) index or rule, risk (or clinical) prediction model, and predictive model.
What is predictive factor?
(preh-DIK-tiv FAK-ter) A condition or finding that can be used to help predict whether a person’s cancer will respond to a specific treatment. Predictive factor may also describe something that increases a person’s risk of developing a condition or disease.
What is prognosis factor?
What are positive prognostic factors?
Prognostic or predictive factors may include patient characteristics such as age, ethnicity, sex, or smoking status, disease characteristics such as disease stage or nodal status, and molecular markers such as HER2 amplification and K ras mutation.
What affects prognosis?
Prognostic factors can be any of several types, including: Demographic (e.g. age) Behavioural (e.g. alcohol consumption, smoking) Disease-specific (e.g. tumour stage) Co-morbid (e.g. other conditions accompanying the disease in question)
What good prognosis means?
A favorable prognosis means a good chance of treatment success. For example, the overall 5-year relative survival rate for testicular cancer is 95%. This means that most men diagnosed with the disease have a favorable prognosis.
What is a poor prognostic factor?
Answer. Poor prognostic factors include the stage of disease at presentation, which is influenced by presence of nodal and/or distant disease. In particular, the presence of nodal disease influences survival and the likelihood of metastatic disease.
Are there any good prognostic models for breast cancer?
Overall, the models performed well in the development cohorts but less accurately in some independent populations, particularly in patients with high risk and young and elderly patients. An exception is the Nottingham Prognostic Index, which retains its predicting ability in most independent populations.
Is it possible to predict the outcome of breast cancer?
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with a great diversity in outcomes among individual patients. The ability to accurately predict a breast cancer outcome is important to patients, physicians, researchers, and policy makers. Many models have been developed and tested in different settings.
What is the average prognosis for breast cancer?
In breast cancer patients, 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) ranges from 65 to 80% [ 4 ], and 10-year overall survival (OS) ranges from 55 to 96% [ 5 ]. Prognosis for breast cancer is important in several ways.
What are the domains of prognostic factor measurement?
The tool originally comprises six domains – Study Participation, Prognostic Factor Measurement, Outcome Measurement, Statistical Analysis and Reporting, Study Confounding, and Study Attrition, each of which is guided by three to seven prompting items.