How is viral mRNA translated?
Viral mRNA translation in these instances proceeds via an alternative initiation strategy that relies on cis-acting RNA elements. Other viruses target host mRNA metabolism, impairing host mRNA processing, stability, and/or export to the cytoplasm.
How do RNA viruses translate?
For some RNA viruses, the infecting RNA produces messenger RNA (mRNA). This is translation of the genome into protein products. For others with negative stranded RNA and DNA, viruses are produced by transcription then translation. The mRNA is used to instruct the host cell to make virus components.
Which RNA are involved in translation?
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) tRNAs are an essential component of translation, where their main function is the transfer of amino acids during protein synthesis. Therefore, they are called transfer RNAs. Each of the 20 amino acids has a specific tRNA that binds with it and transfers it to the growing polypeptide chain.
What is eif4?
eIF4E is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor involved in directing ribosomes to the cap structure of mRNAs. It is a 24-kD polypeptide that exists as both a free form and as part of the eIF4F pre-initiation complex. Almost all cellular mRNA require eIF4E in order to be translated into protein.
What is viral translation?
Gene Ontology Term: viral translation A process by which viral mRNA is translated into viral protein, using the host cellular machinery.
Where does viral translation occur?
Double-stranded RNA viruses carry their own RNA synthesizing enzymes within their virions. Once inside a cell, the enzymes transcribe one of the RNA strands of the dsRNA genome to ssRNA(+) within the virion, which upon release into the cytoplasm (through channels in the virion) is translated by the host cell machinery.
What are the 2 molecules involved in translation?
Two types of molecules with key roles in translation are tRNAs and ribosomes.
What are the 5 types of RNA?
They are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). rRNA forms ribosomes, which are essential in protein synthesis. A ribosome contains a large and small ribosomal subunit.
What phosphorylates eIF4E?
eIF4E is phosphorylated by the MNK1/2 serine/threonine kinases, which are activated in response to mitogenic and stress signaling downstream of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, respectively (9, 10). eIF4E phosphorylation at serine 209 by MNK1/2 promotes its transformation activity (11, 12).
What is the function of eIF4F?
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) is a protein complex that mediates recruitment of ribosomes to mRNA. This event is the rate-limiting step for translation under most circumstances and a primary target for translational control.
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