What do Haloferax Volcanii do?
volcanii has a complex ion regulation system and is chemoautotrophic. H. volcanii will optimally grow at 42 °C in 1.5-2.5 M NaCl and complex nutrient medium. It will still grow at 37 °C, but still requires the concentrated NaCl and complex medium.
Where can Haloferax Volcanii be found?
the Dead Sea
Haloferax volcanii occurs in the salt water of the Dead Sea. This archaea is a halophile: it grows in environments with a very high salt concentration. They are single-celled organisms of 1 to 3 micrometres in size that reproduce by binary fission: division into two identical cells.
How does Haloferax Volcanii obtain energy?
volcanii is a chemoorganotroph, preferentially metabolizing sugars as a carbon source [3]. It is primarily aerobic, but is capable of anaerobic respiration under anoxic conditions [4].
How does Haloferax Volcanii move?
volcanii can swim in a flagellum-dependent manner. Consistent with the involvement of PibD in processing flagellins, the peptidase mutant is nonmotile. Unlike nonhalophilic archaea, however, the flagellum mutant can adhere to glass as effectively as the wild type.
How is a Halophile adapted to its environment?
The high-salt-in strategy is an adaptation that protects halophiles from a saline environment in which they accumulate inorganic ions intracellularly to balance the salt concentration in their environment. Salinibacter ruber accumulates K+ in its cells to maintain its osmotic balance with the environment (Oren 2002c).
Where is halobacterium Salinarum found?
salinarium are often found in places with high salt concentration like San Francisco Bay, the Great Salt Lake, Yellowstone National Park, and many other places with saline levels around 4M+.
Do archaea form biofilms?
Bacterial biofilms have been studied in great detail, and many molecular details are known about the processes that govern bacterial biofilm formation, however, archaea are ubiquitous in almost all habitats on Earth and can also form biofilms.
How does a Halophile adapt to an environment with high salt concentration?
Most halophilic organisms cope with the high concentrations of salt by expending energy to exclude salt from their cytoplasm. Halophiles prevent this loss of water by increasing the internal osmolarity of the cell by accumulating osmoprotectants or by the selective uptake of potassium ions.
What adaptations do acidophilic bacteria have?
2.4. Acidophiles thrive under highly acidic conditions such as marine volcanic vents, and acidic sulfur springs, acid rock drainage (ARD) and acid mine drainage. These microorganisms have adapted themselves by maintaining their cellular pH neutral and also acquire resistance towards metals [24,63,64].
What is the function of Euryarchaeota?
classification and characteristics of archaea In the subdivision Euryarchaeota, uncultivated organisms in deep-sea marine sediments are responsible for the removal of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, via anaerobic oxidation of methane stored in these sediments.
What are characteristics of Euryarchaeota?
Euryarchaeota are highly diverse and include methanogens, which produce methane and are often found in intestines, halobacteria, which survive extreme concentrations of salt, and some extremely thermophilic aerobes and anaerobes, which generally live at temperatures between 41 and 122 °C.
Where can Haloferax volcanii be found in the world?
Haloferax volcanii (formerly Halobacterium volcanii) was first identified in the 1930s by microbiologist Benjamin Elazari Volcani, for whom the species is named [1]. It is a moderate halophile and a mesophile, in addition to being mildly acidophilic, and can be found living in the sediment of the Dead Sea, a salt lake in Israel.
What kind of color does Haloferax volcanii stain?
Members of H. volcanii are pleotropic, and stain Gram-positive [2]. Like many halophiles, it maintains a high concentration of carotenoid pigments in its cell membrane, giving colonies of H. volcanii a reddish color [3]. H. volcanii is a chemoorganotroph, preferentially metabolizing sugars as a carbon source [3].
Which is the best electron acceptor for Haloferax volcanii?
A chemooganotroph, H. volcanii is facultatively anaerobic. As a carbon source, polysaccarides, glucose, other sugars, or amino acids can be catabolized. Oxygen is preferred as a terminal electron acceptor; however, oxygen solubility in brine is much reduced, necessitating the inclusion of anaerobic pathways in cellular respiration [3].
How are Haloferax volcanii microbes capable of genetic transfer?
H. volcanii microbes are capable of intercellular DNA exchange via conjugation. In 1984, the species was the first archaeon ever to be observed undergoing genetic transfer [6] . An individual H. volcanii archaeon can vary from 1-3 micrometers in diameter.
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