What are COX-1 and COX-2 pathways?
COX-1 is constitutively expressed at high levels maintaining normal housekeeping functions. COX-2 is expressed at low levels in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and is highly induced in response to inflammation and renal injury [1], [6].
What is the difference between COX-1 and COX-2?
In the gastrointestinal tract, COX-1 maintains the normal lining of the stomach and intestines, protecting the stomach from the digestive juices. 4 The enzyme is also involved in kidney and platelet function. COX-2, on the other hand, is primarily found at sites of inflammation.
Where are COX-1 and COX-2 found?
COX-1 was found in blood vessels, interstitial cells, smooth muscle cells, platelets and mesothelial cells. In contrast, COX-2 was found predominantly in the parenchymal cells of many tissues, with few exceptions, for example the heart.
Do Nsaids target COX-1 or 2?
Most NSAID medications target both COX-1 and COX-2, but this can lead to stomach and intestinal problems for some people. This is because COX-1 seems to serve some “housekeeping” functions in the body, such as helping to protect the gastrointestinal tract.
Does COX-1 produce prostacyclin?
Role of COX-1 versus COX-2 in driving prostacyclin production in the circulation in vivo. In healthy human endothelium and in healthy laboratory animals, therefore, COX-1, and not COX-2, drives prostacyclin, and urinary PGI-M levels are not reflective of the prostacyclin in the circulation.
What is the role of COX-2?
Cox-2 is the inducible form of cyclo-oxygenase and catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Cox-2 is expressed by inflammatory cells, such as macrophages, and can be induced by TNF and EGF.
Is aspirin 1 or 2 COX?
Aspirin inhibits COX-1 (cyclooxygenase-1). Its effect on COX-2 is more delicate: it “turns off” COX-2’s production of prostaglandins but “switches on” the enzyme’s ability to produce novel protective lipid mediators. Aspirin is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
What is the function of COX-2?
What is the COX-2 gene?
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
| PTGS2 | |
|---|---|
| Aliases | PTGS2, COX-2, COX2, GRIPGHS, PGG/HS, PGHS-2, PHS-2, hCox-2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 |
| External IDs | OMIM: 600262 MGI: 97798 HomoloGene: 31000 GeneCards: PTGS2 |
| EC number | 1.14.99.1 |
| showGene location (Human) |
What is meant by COX-2?
COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.
Are all NSAIDs COX-2 inhibitors?
COX-2 inhibitors (such as Celebrex and Bextra) are a type of NSAID and are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis. COX-2 inhibitors are also prescribed for many forms of back pain….
| Types of NSAIDs | |
|---|---|
| Generic name | Brand Name(s) |
| Celecoxib | Celebrex |
| Valdecoxib | Bextra |
| Rofecoxib | Vioxx (recalled in 2004) |
Is ibuprofen COX-1 or 2?
Some NSAIDs (eg, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen) were COX-1 selective, some (eg, ibuprofen, naproxen) were essentially nonselective, while others (eg, diclofenac, mefenamic acid) were COX-2 selective.