Do cancer cells induce apoptosis?
There are many signals that can occur in cancer cells that quickly lead to apoptosis despite their typical evasion of apoptosis. Cancer cells are ‘primed for death’ meaning that they are closer to triggering the apoptotic pathway than normal cells [17].
How does TRAIL cause apoptosis?
TRAIL induces apoptosis by binding to and activating signaling by trimeric death receptors in a manner that is similar to that of other “death ligands,― such as FasL or TNFα, which signal through the Fas receptor (CD95) and TNF receptor (TNFR1), respectively. TRAIL binds to five different receptors.
What is TRAIL in cancer?
(trayl) A cell protein that can attach to certain molecules in some cancer cells and may kill the cells. TRAIL is being studied in the treatment of cancer.
How do cancer cells overcome apoptosis?
In some cases, cancer cells may escape apoptosis by increasing or decreasing expression of anti- or pro-apoptotic genes, respectively. Alternatively, they may inhibit apoptosis by stabilizing or de-stabilizing anti- or pro-apoptotic proteins, respectively.
How does TRAIL induce extrinsic apoptosis?
TRAIL has been shown to induce apoptosis through binding its respective receptors, DR4 and DR5. Ligation of TRAIL to its receptor results in trimerization of the receptor and clustering of the receptor’s intracellular DD, leading to the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC).
What cells produce trails?
During development, TRAIL is predominantly expressed in fetal and neonatal mouse liver NK cells. Some of the TRAIL+ immature NK cells remain in the liver of adult mice and its retention is dependent on IFN-γ, but not on interleukin (IL)-12, IL-18 or host pathogens.
What is TRAIL therapy?
TRAIL binds to cell surface death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and TRAIL-R2 (DR5) and facilitates formation of death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), eventually activating the p53-independent apoptotic cascade. This unique mechanism makes the TRAIL a potential anticancer therapeutic especially for p53-mutated tumors.
What does TRAIL mean in medical terms?
In the field of cell biology, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), is a protein functioning as a ligand that induces the process of cell death called apoptosis. TRAIL is a cytokine that is produced and secreted by most normal tissue cells.
Why do cancer cells not undergo apoptosis?
Cancer cells can ignore the signals that tell them to self destruct. So they don’t undergo apoptosis when they should. Scientists call this making cells immortal.
What is the role of trail in apoptosis?
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is a member of TNF superfamily able to induce programmed death in cancer cells with no toxicity against normal tissues. TRAIL mediate apoptosis follows binding to the two death receptors, TRAIL-R1 (DR4) and/or TRAIL-R2 (DR5). In t …
How are trail death receptors used in cancer treatment?
TRAIL death receptors are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. The cytotoxic agents capable of up-regulating the expression of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 can sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL induced apoptosis. MeSH terms
What is the expression of TRAILR1 in bladder cancer?
The expression of TRAILR1 receptor was similar in all bladder cancer cell lines. TRAIL is one of the promising candidates for cancer therapeutics. However, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. It is therefore important to overcome this resistance for the clinical use of TRAIL in cancer therapy.
Can a cancer cell be resistant to trail?
TRAIL is one of the promising candidates for cancer therapeutics. However, some cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. It is therefore important to overcome this resistance for the clinical use of TRAIL in cancer therapy. TRAIL death receptors are attractive therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.