What is POGO score?
The POGO score represents the percentage of glottic opening seen, defined by the linear span from the anterior commisure to the interarytenoid notch (Fig. 1). A 100% POGO score is a full view of the glottis from the anterior commisure to the interarytenoid notch.
What does external laryngeal manipulation achieve?
External Laryngeal Manipulation (ELM):[1] allows for the directional movement of the larynx to improve visualisation. Backwards, Upwards, Rightwards, Pressure (BURP) technique:[2] displaces the larynx superiorly, posteriorly and rightward laterally to improve visualisation.
What is the glottic opening?
The glottis is the opening between the vocal folds in the larynx that is generally thought of as the primary valve between the lungs and the mouth; the states of the glottis are the positions generally considered to characterize the different possible shapes of this opening.
How is Thyromental distance measured?
1 Thyromental Distance The thyromental distance (TMD) is defined as the distance from the chin (mentum) to the top of the notch of the thyroid cartilage with the head fully extended; it must be measured with a ruler for accuracy.
What is the glottis?
The middle part of the larynx; the area where the vocal cords are located.
What is the Elm maneuver?
External laryngeal manipulation (ELM) is a simple maneuver that facilitates laryngeal visualization during laryngoscopy.[1] It coordinates the operator’s right hand with what it is being simultaneously visualized, allowing fine tuning of the manipulation to maximize the laryngeal exposure.[2]
How do we adduct the vocal folds?
Thyroarytenoid – These are the muscles that form the body of the vocal folds themselves. They shorten the vocal folds by pulling the arytenoid (back) end of the vocal folds toward the thyroid (front) end. This shortens the vocal folds and bunches them up, which causes them to vibrate more slowly, thus lowering pitch.
What are the fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity?
Anatomy: Respiratory System
| A | B |
|---|---|
| fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which increase its surface area | conchae |
| period of breathing when air enters the lungs | inspiration |
| network of capillaries over the alveoli | respiratory membrane |
| mucus layer over cilia that line the passages of the lungs | respiratory mucosa |
What is normal Thyromental distance?
Generally, a thyromental distance of greater than or equal to 3 cm or the width of 3 fingerbreaths is acceptable. A thyromental distance that is less than or equal to 3 cm or less than 3 fingerbreaths is a predictor of a difficult intubation. Last, the atlanto-occipital joint extension is an important predictor.
What is Sternomental distance?
A TMD ≤ 6.5 cm is considered predictive of difficult laryngoscopy5. Sternomental distance (SMD): It is defined as the distance from the suprasternal notch to the mentum and is measured with the head fully extended on the neck and the mouth closed. A SMD ≤ 13.5 cm is considered predictive of difficult laryngoscopy6.
What is supraglottic?
(SOO-pruh-GLAH-tis) The upper part of the larynx (voice box), including the epiglottis; the area above the vocal cords. Enlarge. Anatomy of the larynx. The three parts of the larynx are the supraglottis (including the epiglottis), the glottis (including the vocal cords), and the subglottis.
What does a pogo score of 0 mean?
A 100% POGO score is a full view of the glottis from the anterior commisure to the interarytenoid notch. A POGO score of 0 means that even the interarytenoid notch is not seen. The POGO score replaces CL grades 1 and 2 with a continuous numerical value. Unlike CL grading, POGO score is not dependent upon visualisation of the vocal cords.
Is the pogo score dependent on visualisation of vocal cords?
Unlike CL grading, POGO score is not dependent upon visualisation of the vocal cords. We have found that shadowing by the epiglottis frequently causes the vocal cords to be poorly visualised even though the glottic opening is clearly delineated.
What is the pogo score for tongue view?
POGO scoring does not distinguish between CL grades 3 (epiglottis) and 4 (tongue) views, as each would have a score of 0. This could be addressed descriptively, however.
Which is better Pogo or CL for laryngoscopy?
Although further studies are needed, POGO scoring has numerous advantages over CL grading for laryngoscopy research and clinical application. It is a validated, continuous numerical method that is more sensitive than CL grading, and easy for all to understand and apply. 1 Yentis SM & Lee DJH.