What is PE38?
TGFα-PE38 is an immunotoxin comprising transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), a natural ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE38) lacking N terminal cell-binding domain, a highly potent cytotoxic protein moiety.
Does Pseudomonas produce endotoxin?
The Pseudomonas exotoxin (or exotoxin A) is an exotoxin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vibrio cholerae produces a similar protein called the Cholix toxin (Q5EK40). It inhibits elongation factor-2….Pseudomonas exotoxin.
| Exotoxin A | |
|---|---|
| Exotoxin A dimer, Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Identifiers | |
| Organism | Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Symbol | eta |
Does Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce toxins?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a large number of extracellular toxins, which include phytotoxic factor, pigments, hydrocyanic acid, proteolytic enzymes, phos- pholipase, enterotoxin, exotoxin, and slime. The most important factor in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa is the elaboration of a group of protein exotoxins.
How do exotoxins cause disease?
Exotoxins are released by bacteria and other pathogens, and can cause substantial damage through direct toxic effects or by provoking inflammatory responses (Table 44.4). Type 1 toxins, such as superantigens, do not directly enter cells but bind to surface receptors, triggering specific responses.
How are toxins produced by the cell?
Upon the use of host nutrients for its own cellular processes, the bacteria may also produce toxins or enzymes that will infiltrate and destroy the host cell. The production of these destructive products results in the direct damage of the host cell. The waste products of the microbes will also damage to the cell.
What diseases are caused by endotoxins?
6 Types of Diseases in Humans Related to Endotoxins of Gram-negative Bacteria
- Complications from Burns.
- Coronary Artery Disease.
- Neonatal Necrotising Enterocolitis.
- Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
- Cystic Fibrosis.
- Autoimmune Diseases.
How can I lower my endotoxin levels?
Endotoxin can be inactivated when exposed at temperature of 250º C for more than 30 minutes or 180º C for more than 3 hours (28, 30). Acids or alkalis of at least 0.1 M strength can also be used to destroy endotoxin in laboratory scale (17).
What is toxin in microbiology?
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria and fungi. Microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Some bacterial toxins, such as Botulinum neurotoxins, are the most potent natural toxins known.