What is clodronate liposome?
Thus, clodronate liposomes can be used to study macrophage functioning by depletion of macrophages. For instance, they can be applied in various models of autoimmune disease, transplantation, neurological disorders and gene therapy. Clodronate liposomes are only able to deplete macrophages if they can be reached.
Does clodronate deplete neutrophils?
Intratracheal administration of clodronate liposomes followed by RB6-8C5 led to depletion of lung macrophage and neutrophil populations (figure 8B, third row).
How do mice deplete macrophages?
Clodronate liposomes are an effective and versatile way to deplete macrophages in vivo; they can allow selective depletion from tissues of interest and can be used on transgenic mice.
How do mice deplete neutrophils?
Neutrophils are an essential part of the innate immune system. To study their importance, experimental studies often aim to deplete these cells, generally by injecting anti-Ly6G or anti-Gr1 antibodies.
What is macrophage depletion?
Macrophage depletion has been used extensively to study autoimmune disease and more recently in tumor models. The clodronate-containing liposomes will be recognized as foreign particles and get engulfed by macrophages upon dosing into the animal by the chosen routes.
What is the diameter of liposomes?
The liposomes with a size of 120 nm diameter showed statistically enhanced penetration of CF into the skin as compared to larger ones.
How are liposomes measured?
Finally, size can be determined by measuring the volume of trapped internal contents using a fluorescent probe. In this technique a fluorophore is trapped in the internal compartment of the liposome and the liposome separated from non-trapped fluorophore. The trapped fluorphore is released and concentration measured.
Are liposomes amphiphilic?
Liposomes are mainly composed of phospholipids, amphiphilic molecules that have a hydrophilic head and two apolar hydrophobic chains. When phospholipids are dispersed in aqueous solutions, due to their amphipathic nature they have a strong tendency to form membranes.
How is clodronate encapsulated in a liposome?
Thus, the amount of clodronate encapsulated, which is dependent on the morphology of the liposomes (primarily size distribution and lamellarity), as well as the concentration of clodronate in which the liposomes form, will almost certainly be different from the initial preparation (pre-nebulization).
How does liposomal Clodronate inhibit the growth of macrophages?
Methods and Results— Liposomal clodronate (LC) inhibited the growth of cultured macrophages but had no effect on endothelial or smooth muscle cells and suppressed neointimal hyperplasia in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and rats after intravenous administration of LC, with no adverse effects.
What kind of cells are depleted by Clodronate?
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the most common targets for depletion, although pulmonary dendritic cells ( DC) and interstitial macrophages (IM) have been reported to be depleted by clodronate liposomes [1].
What kind of liposomes are used for macrophage depletion?
Studies have shown that intravenous administration of clodronate liposomes for systemic macrophage depletion also depletes a significant portion of alveolar macrophages.