What are various surveys that are conducted for railway alignment?
The various engineering surveys which are carried out for the choice of route of a new railway line survey can broadly be divided in to three categories.
- Reconnaissance Survey.
- Preliminary Survey.
- Location Survey.
What is rail route survey?
A route survey map is prepared which give the details of 100 m land on both sides of alignment. This can be done by plane table surveying or prismatic compass surveying. At every 2km or with regular interval permanent bench marks are established. Bearing capacity of soil and water table level is recorded.
What are the route surveys?
The term route survey refers to surveys necessary for the location and construction of lines of transportation or communication that continue across country for some distance, such as highways, railroads, open-conduit systems, pipelines, and power/telecom lines.
What are the different stages of survey required for fixing the railway alignment?
In a railway project from beginning till its construction, four different surveys in stages are required to be conducted….SURVEYS FOR TRACK ALIGNMENT
- Traffic survey.
- Reconnaissance survey.
- Preliminary survey or Survey for initial location.
- Detailed survey or Survey for final location.
What is the value of coning of wheels?
Advantages of coning the wheels (i) Coning the wheels reduces the depreciation of the wheel rims and rails. Depreciation is caused because of the friction action of rims with inner faces of the rail top. (ii) Coning also gives an option of lateral drift of the hinge with is wheels.
What are the types of sleepers?
10 types of sleepers: What kind of sleeper are you?
- 1-The snorer. Everyone’s probably familiar with the rumble and grumble of snorers.
- 2-The crawler.
- 3-The babbler.
- 4-The midnight snacker.
- 5-The animal lover.
- 6-The night owl.
- 7-The blanket thief.
- 8-The sleeping beauty.
What is the purpose of route surveying?
A Route Survey is made on the ground to provide for the location of right of way lines, a centerline, or reference lines in relation to property lines and terrain features.
What are the types of surveying?
C. Classification based on the instruments :
- Chain Surveying:
- Plane Table Surveying:
- Compass Surveying:
- Tacheometric Surveying:
- Theodolite Surveying:
- Photographic and Aerial Surveying:
What are the reasons for laying new railway line?
A new railway line is required for the following purposes:
- Strategic Consideration.
- Linking of Trade Centers.
- Connection of Port to Interior of Country.
- Shortening Existing Route.
- Laying of a Branch Line.
What are the factors to consider in railway alignment?
For satisfying most of the requirements, the following factors in selection of good alignment, require due consideration –
- Obligatory or controlling points.
- Position, Amount and Type of Traffic.
- Gauge-Selection.
- Geometric Standards.
- Topography of the country.
- Economic Considerations.
- Other Considerations.
What are the advantage of coning of wheels?
Advantages of Coning of Wheel Reduces wear and tear of wheel flanges. Damage is caused because of the friction action of rims with inner faces of the rail top. It gives an option of lateral drift of the hinge with its wheels. It prevents, to some extent, the slipping of the wheels.
How many surveys are needed in a railway project?
In a railway project from beginning till its construction, four different surveys in stages are required to be conducted. The following survey should be carefully conducted to fix a best possible alignment : Before the actual work of survey starts, study of available maps of the area should be made.
What was the purpose of the Pacific Railroad Surveys?
Pacific Railroad Surveys. The Pacific Railroad Surveys (1853–1855) consisted of a series of explorations of the American West to find possible routes for a transcontinental railroad across North America.
How is a traverse survey done on a railway?
First of all, a traverse survey in a belt of about 100 to 150 m width on either side of the centre line, with a transit instrument is done. A techometer is used for plotting the main features ; a chain, prismatic compass and levelling instrument are used for fixing details.
Why was there no consensus on a railroad route?
Beginning in the 1840s, several government sponsored expeditions hoped to find potential railroad routes across the west. However, no consensus route emerged due to the selfish economic motives of rival companies. In addition, cities and states competed for the route and terminus so no consensus was reached.