What does NOx ppm mean?
Parts Per Million
The primary nitrogen pollutants produced by combustion are nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and are generally referred to collectively as NOx. Instruments which measure NOx generally read in Parts Per Million (PPM).
What is a safe level of NOx?
100 parts per billion
EPA set a 1-hour NO2 standard at the level of 100 parts per billion (ppb). EPA also retained the annual average NO2 standard of 53 ppb. The 1-hour standard will protect public health by limiting people’s exposures to short-term peak concentrations of NO2 – which primarily occur near major roads.
How do you calculate NOx ppm?
- measurements in ppm. NO concentration = 34 ppm (dry)
- 1.1 To calculate the total NOx concentration in ppm. Total NOx concentration = NO concentration + NO2 concentration.
- 1.2 To calculate the molecular weight of NOx as NO2. Molecular weight of NO2 = atomic weight of N + molecular weight of O2.
What is the formula of NOx?
CHEBI:16480 – nitric oxide A nitrogen oxide which is a free radical, each molecule of which consists of one nitrogen and one oxygen atom. Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
Why is NOx harmful?
NOx can cause serious health damage to humans, including respiratory diseases. NOx is also responsible for smog and the typical brown cloud that covers larger cities and produces poor air quality. NOx reacts with volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight and forms ground-level ozone.
How can I lower my NOx emissions?
One way of controlling NOx emissions is to use low-nitrogen fuels. Another is to modify combustion conditions to generate less NOx. Flue gas treatment techniques, such as selective cata- lytic reduction (SCR) processes, can remove NOx.
How is SOx emissions calculated?
B. SOx emission factors for each fuel can be computed from the following formula: where: Φ = fuel emission factor. S = sulphur content of the fuel.
How do you convert mg/m3 to PPM?
Y mg/m3 = (X ppm)(molecular weight)/24.45 Fill in either the “ppm” value (X) or the “mg/m3” value (Y) AND the molecular weight of the compound.
What is NOx emissions?
Nitrogen Oxides are a family of poisonous, highly reactive gases. These gases form when fuel is burned at high temperatures. NOx pollution is emitted by automobiles, trucks and various non-road vehicles (e.g., construction equipment, boats, etc.) NOx often appears as a brownish gas.
Can you smell NOx?
NOx is produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air during combustion; especially at high temperatures. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a reddish-brown gas with a pungent smell.
Is NOx harmful to humans?
NOx has direct and indirect effects on human health. It can cause breathing problems, headaches, chronically reduced lung function, eye irritation, loss of appetite and corroded teeth. Indirectly, it can affect humans by damaging the ecosystems they rely on in water and on land—harming animals and plants.
What causes high NOx readings?
There are dozens of potential causes of the high NOx readings, ranging from the relatively easy (detonation or failed oxygen sensor) to the extremely difficult and time-intensive (an improperly signaling MAP sensor).
What does NOx mean on emissions test?
Oxides of nitrogen (NOX) are formed when the combustion chamber temperature exceeds 2500°F (the ignition point for compressed nitrogen). The engine must normally be under some kind of load before it develops such high combustion chamber temperatures. Many emissions systems rely on an EGR valve to lower combustion chamber temperatures.
What causes high NOx emissions?
There are several potential causes for high NOx emissions from a vehicle’s exhaust. High NOx emissions can occur when an engine’s air-fuel mixture is too lean. This can happen when too much air is added to the fuel or when too little fuel is injected into the engine.
What are NOx emissions standards?
NOx emission standards are based on Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT), which takes into account economic and technological factors when determining an emission level that’s fair and reasonable.