Can a closed loop system be unstable?
Closed-Loop Stability Even though the physical plant, G(s), may be stable, the presence of feedback can cause the closed-loop system to become unstable, as in the case of higher order plant models.
What does closed loop mean?
: an automatic control system in which an operation, process, or mechanism is regulated by feedback.
How do you know if a closed loop is stable?
The open loop control system is absolutely stable if all the poles of the open loop transfer function present in left half of ‘s’ plane. Similarly, the closed loop control system is absolutely stable if all the poles of the closed loop transfer function present in the left half of the ‘s’ plane.
What causes an unrestrained GCL on a 2 : 1 slope?
The authors have also observed some downdrag of an unrestrained GCL on a 2:1 slope that appeared to be caused by the diurnal expansion and contraction of the overlying textured geomembrane, which suggests that this could be a potential mechanism for creating tension had the GCL been anchored at the top.
What happens at the end of the open loop?
At that point, the oxygen sensor usually reaches a temperature where it can accurately report back to the computer on how good a job it did in calculating a good air/fuel ratio. However, OBDII regulations tightened up the amount of emissions a car can emit during warm-up.
When does an oxygen sensor close the loop?
With the heaters, an oxygen sensor can start reporting live readings in just one or two minutes after start up. The closed loop term is used because it’s the point where the computer is basing it’s air/fuel mixture calculations on readings from all the sensors. In other words, it’s “closing the loop.”
What happens when a car is in closed loop?
If the computer is in closed loop and it’s not getting the expected readings from the oxygen sensors, it will self adjust and add or subtract more or less fuel to achieve the expected emissions readings. Fuel trim readings can be short term or long term. Fuel trim readings are constantly changing.